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Steamboat
Average speed of steamboat was 5 mph. -
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New Immigration
Immigration moving to U.S for jobs, education, better living conditions. When america is allowed to have a limited amount of immmigrants but when limit is reached they dont allow more immigrants anymore. -
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Harsh Working Conditions
education in the early 19th century was not computsory. Schools were expensive to send a child to, so working class families couldnt afford to send children there, There was no restriction on the age on working, nor on the hours that they could work. In the U.S women had jobs in the late 1800, They were working in industrys on the farm. Children young as 8 or 9 years were being required to work 12 or more hours a day. -
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Was a US naval flag oggiver, geostrategist and historian. He belived that national greatness was inextrically associated with sea with is -
Bessemer steel production process
The creation of fast proccessing steel was the causeof the growth in america and it brought steel pieces lowwer, they also began to build railroads. Named after its inventer Henry Bessemer. Discovered by William Kelly in 1851. -
Homestead Act
Several U.S laws that gave an applicant owernship of land at little or no cost. -
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First transcontinental railroad in U.S
2,000mi across the U.S
Contributed to the Westward movement by making transportation and economics easier. Indians -
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except for punishment for a crime. It was passed by the senate on April, 8 1865. Directed at individuals which they had to follow. -
14th Amendment
Adresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. This amendment was directed to the states. -
15th Amendment
Prohibits the federal and states governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color or previous condition of servitude. This amendment was directed to the states. Black males were allowed to vote -
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Gilded Age and Westward Expansion
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Vanderbilt
He began as a passenger ferry business in new york harbour in 1810 with one boat. He sold his boats to workd as a steam ship captain then started his own steam ship company by cutting fares and offering luxerios accomandatios he soon controlled the river he tomed the accesory transit co. -
Chinese Exclusionary Act.
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Hull House
A settlement house made in U.S in 1889. Founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located near West Side of Chicago, Illinois. Made to provide food and shelter for European. -
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Arms Race
A competition between two or more parties to have the best armed forces and weapons, greater armies or superior military technology in a technological escalation. The major superpowers were the U.S and the Soviet -
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Ellis Island
it was the gateway to millions of immigrants. 9-10 million people immigrated through this port. most of the immigrants were from europe. they did various test before you were accepted. -
J.P Morgan
Was a banker, financier and art collector. He merged and financed alot. His reputation as a banker and financier helped bring investors to the business he took over. -
Klondike Gold Rush
Was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the klondike region or Yukon in northernasian canada between 1896-1899. Has many different names Yulon Gold Rush, Alaska Yukon Gold Rush, The Last Great Gold Rush. Books and films were produced and published about the goldrush. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
"Seperated but equal" Legilized segregation by providing seperate schools ect. by under the condition thqaqt it must be equal. Vote was 7 to 1 . -
USS Maine
Created in 1895. sent to Havana in january to protect american interest during the revokt of he abans against the spanich government in the evening of fecruary 15, 1898 the maine sank when the forward -
Henry Cobot
influenced U>S millitary policy and the time of spnaish american war -
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Spanish American War
fought in the carribbean and pacific . Temporary american control of cuba. , indefinite colonial authority over puerto rico, Guam and the Phillippine islands from spain. Treaty of Paris -
Open Door Policy
China trades with al countries on an equal basis. Leads to Boxer Rebellion which was a violent anti foreign and anti christian movement which took place in china. The russians didnt want any religiion or anything involved so the united states put the Boxers in their place makes trade with russia. -
Torpedoes
Is a self propelled weapon with an explosive warhead launched above or below water surface. -
Air Conditioning
Is the process of altering the proporties of air to more favourable cnditions, it can cool an area and reduce heat. -
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Panamal Canal
was part of the american and spains the pacific and athoriic ocean. It is sifuated at the lowest part of the panamerdia isthous and the narrowest section of the amercan continent the canal provides passage to ships from all over the worold ecause of its stragetic provies a shortest passage. -
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Galveston Tx
Immigration program directed at diverting jews from crowded east coast cities which already had poverty stricken immigrants jacob scherriff, 500,000 personal finances increased antisementics programs in russia -
NAACP- W.E.B. DuBois
Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. -
NAACP
Had multiple creaters by main creater is W.E.B Du Bois made to help african americans and civil rights. -
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Dollar Diplomacy
dollar diplomacy is the effort of the U.S to further its aim in Latin
america and East Asia through us of its economic pass by garenterg loans made to foreign countries. -
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Angel Island
Asain immigrants were not welcomed. They were locked up like criminals in "cages" for weeks. months or even years. While waiting for entry many immigrants began carving poetry in the walls of their barracks. -
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WW!
first world was , settled in europe the assaissination of Franz Ferdinand , attempted by Gavrito Princip , The Austro hungarians fisrt fired shots during the story of war. -
Weapons of total war
Submarines, use to attack enemies.
Mines, a explosive device under on the ground to discover enemy tangos.
Machine Gun, automatic autoarm
Canned Food, helped the war in tocuh welfare.
Poison(mustard) Gas, was part of the chemical welfare, ehich was use to bring one in the ranch.
Tanks, response to the shipmate that trench welfare ahd created,
Airplanes -
American Expiitionary Force
4,000,000 soldiers including Marine . General John Pershing consist of the united states armed forces to europe in WW1 . AEF fought in france along side france , british allies. -
Battle of Aragonne forest
apart of the final Allied Offense of WW1. Foguht them sep 26, 1918 untill the armstle on nov.11 a total of 47 days. Largest battle in U.S millutary history including 12 million american soldiers. Leader John J Pershing. Knien as Hundred Days Offense -
Schenck v United States.
expressions that were entended to result in a crime that posted c;ear amd [resemt damger cpi;d ne punished.courtcase ruled that it didnt violet freedom of speech of these convicted. Espionage Act of 1917 prohibits interference with military operations or recruitment . U.S enemies -
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Stalin USSR
Was the leader of the soviet union. Communist is a form of government like democracy and dictatorship, there is no social classes. the people over threw nicholas 2 and tortured the family. -
Americanization Day
Loyalty day is a day set aside for the reffirmation of loyalty in the U.S and for the recognization of the herritage freedom. -
Benito Mussolini
Fascism , right wing politics. -
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Great Depression
Unemployement uo to 25%. Hit cities with heavy industries. $8-9 billion dollars were lost. Farming/rural areas 60% price fall. National Credit Corporation, Hoover. -
LULAC
League of the United Latin American Citizens, usually known by LULAC, was created to combat the descrimination faced by Hispanics in the United States. Establlished on February 17, 1930 in Corpus Christi, Texas. Itd founders were Pedro and Maria L. Hernandez. -
Dorthea Lange "Migrant Mother"
An influencial photographer best known for Graat Depression Era work. Humanized , the consequences of the Great Depression. -
Dust Bowl
Affected 100,000,000 acres. Caused Great Depression. Forced thousands of families to abandon their farms. Tearing up prairie grass. No water-drought. People died because of phenomenon dust filled their lungs. -
Axis powers
the nations fought in the 2nd world war against the allied forces. Axis powers were united by their opposition to the western world and the soviet union. It grew out of the ant comintern pact, and anti communist treaty signed by germany and japan. -
Radar
Both allies and axis powers used radar in WW2, and many important aspects of this conflict were greatly influenced by this revolutionary new technology of radio-based detection and tracking. -
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Hoover Dam
It was built in Nevada, it eas started around the first years of the Great Depression. It created jobs for 21,000 men. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt's first presidency.
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation FDIC
Provides deposit insurance , safety for depositor's accounts, up to 250,000. Signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt. Their was no insurance covering for customer deposits at the time of the Great Depression, they were able to lose everything. -
Tennessee Valley Authority
provides navigation, flood control, electricity, fertilization, and ecomomic development in the TN valley. Rural areas, power/tranportation. -
Francis Townsend (senior income plan)
Was a plan that the government would provide a pension to citizens to older. Help out old people. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
"First Lady" wife of Franklin D. Roosevelt racial justice did not always concern Eleanor, although she began her social activist warning with the immigration committies of the rivington street settlement house in 1903. ER began to recongnized racial discrimination only after she moved to the white house . ER embraced a civil rights agenda which accepted sagrigation and compained equal opportunity. -
Judicial Procedures Reform Bill
president Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to add more justice to the supreme court also called "court packing" -
House Committee on Un-American Activities
Investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having communist ties. -
Grapes of Wrath
By John Steinbeck. Route 66 Road of America. Okies-Oklahomies -
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Allied powers of WW2
Stop japanese, indian , and german agression. Well known powers were
U.S.A
U.K
U.S.S.R
Mexico
Canada
French Republic
Australia
China
New Zealand
South Africa
Total of 51 powers -
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Rock and Roll
A genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940's and early 1950's from a combination of Blues Jump Blues, Jazz and Gospel music -
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2nd Migration
The group most affected by this move were African Americans, they moved to the north for freedom, safety, and jobs -
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North African Campaign
took place in North Africa and included campaigns fought in the libyan and egyptian desert. Fought between allies and Axis may of whom had calonial interest in Africa dating from the late 19th century. -
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Civil Rights Movement
It began with Executive Order 8802 which was the first federal action, though not law, to promote equal opportunity and prohibit employment discrimination in the United Sates an ended with the assassination of MLK -
Lend Lease
U.S supplied allied powers with MATERIEL. $50.1 worth of supplies. (17% total U.S expenditures) -
Isoroku Yamamoto
Leader who attacks Pearl Harbor. -
Pearl Harbor
A military strike by Imperial Japanese Navy against the united states naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, leadin up to WW2.
8 battle ships sunked or damaged. 3 crusiers damaged. 3 destroyers damaged. 188 aircragts destroyed or damaged. 2,403 were killed, 1, 178 wounded. -
Congress of Racial Equalty
The Congress of Racial Equality or CORE is a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Founded in 1942, CORE was one of the "Big Four" civil rights organizations, along with the SCLC, the SNCC, and the NAACP. By James L. Farmer, Jr., George Houser, James R. Robinson, Bernice Fisher, Homer Jack, and Joe Guinn. -
Battle of Midway
-6 months after Peral Harbor.
-U.S Admiral Nimitz
-Japan Admiral Yamamoto
-Because of code breakers U.S prepared for Japan attack. -
Bataan Death March
Phillippines
Japanese army had Filipino and american march 3 months after a battle and if they got tired they would just kill them. -
Island Hopping
Crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands. as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination.
During WW2 , the island hopping strategy was used by the united states to expedite the war in the pacific ocean.
An allied stratefy in the pacific of involving selected islands, and using them as bases to adavnce closer to japan. -
Executive order 9066
It was a presidential executive order that FDR used to designate certain areas as military zones and to move Japanese (americans) to interment camp. 110,000 weere held in the camos till the end of the war. -
G.I Bill
A law that provided a range of benefits for returning WW2 veterans. Benefits included low-cost mortgages, low interest loans to start a business, cash payments of tuitions and living expenses to attend college. -
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Liberation of Ceoncentration Camps
1st Camp Majdanek- liberated by Soviets (July 23, 1944)
Auschwitz-soviets
Dachau-Americans
Bergen-Belson-British
Forced guards/witnesses to bury the dead as punishment -
Chester W. Nimitz
Commander in chief of pacific fleet against Japanese fleet. Was in WW1, WW2, Battle of Corral Sea, Battle of Midway, Soloman Island Campaign, Battle of the Phillipine Sea, Battle of Leyte Golf -
Korematsu-san vs u.s-sama
Order 9066 intemment (imprprisonment) camps for japanese-americans in WW2.
Order was ruled constitutional as the need to protect against espoinage out-weighed individual rights. -
Omar Nelson Bradley
United states field commander in North Africa and Europe during WW2. General of the army. -
Battle of the Bulge
Was not a single battle, but a major push, by the German army during the last winter of WW2 facing allied advances across a drive toward the dutch port of Antiwar through the Aedenne forest, it was the last major German offensie of the war. -
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Baby Boom
Alot of babies born, after WW2 then man came home to their wifes, leading to a baby boom stimulized the economy. -
Mendez vs Westminster
Was a 1946 federal court case that challenged racial segregation in Orange County, California schools. In its ruling, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in an en banc decision, held that the segregation of Mexican and Mexican American students into separate "Mexican schools" was unconstitutional. -
22nd Amendment
sets a term limit for election to the office of President of the United States. Congress passed the amendment on March 21, 1947. It was ratified by the requisite number of states on February 27, 1951. -
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Truman Doctrine
Stated the U.S would support Greece and Trukey with economic and millitary aid to prevent them from falling into the Soviet sphere -
Marshall Plan
Help rebuild the European economies after the end of WW2 in order to prevent the sprea of Soviet Communism. The goals of the United Stated were to rebuild war devasted regions, removed trade barriers, modernized industry, and make Europe Prosperous again. -
Delgado vs. Bastrop ISD
(1930) in which Mexican Americans claimed they had been denied use of facilities used by "other white races" in the same school. In 1948 the League of United Latin American Citizens, joined by the American G.I. Forum of Texas, successfully challenged these inequities of the Texas public school system in Delgado vs. Bastrop ISD. -
Desegregation of the U.S. millitary
When the United States and the rest of the world discovered the full extent of Nazi Germany's genocidal plan against Jews, white Americans became more willing to examine their own country's racism. Meanwhile, returning African-American veterans became determined to root out injustice in the United States. In this context, the desegregation of the military took place in 1948. Truman was the presedent at that time. -
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Berlin Airlift
The Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies railway, rail, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied control. Aim was to force the western powers to allow the Soviet zone to start supplying Berlin with food, fuel, and aid. Not allowing them to do anything. -
Creation of NATO
Stand for North Atantic Treat Organization. Original members were U.s Europe. -
Joe McCarthy
Was an Amercian Politician who served as a Republican U.S senator. He was noted for making claims that there were large numbers of Communist and Soviet spies inside the United States federal government and elsewhere. He wwa similar to the HUAC -
Sweatt vs. Painter
Was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. The case was influential in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education four years later. -
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Korean War
The war was between South Korean and North Korean.Nobody wins. South is democratic and North is controled by the Communist . Border between the Koreas in the 38th parallel. -
Dwight D Eisenhower
He was a 5 star general i nthe U,S army during WW2 and served supreme commander of the allied forces in Europe he had responsibility, for planning and supervision on the invasion of North Africa. In 1942-43 and the successful invasion of france and germany. In 1951 he became the first Supreme Commander of NATO. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Segregated schools inherety unequeal plessy vs ferguson does not apply to public education. -
Hernandez vs Texas
Was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Deals with Jury Selection. Equal Protection. -
Polio Vaccine
By Jonas Salk, it reduces the worldwide incidence from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to just 223 cases in 2012 -
Montgomery bus boycott- Rosa Parks
She was an African-American civil rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". Parks refused to obery bus driver James F. Blake's order that she give up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the white section was filled. She became an internation icon of resistance to racial segregation. -
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Vietnam War
The U.S. viewed American involvement in the war as a way to prevent a Communist takeover of South Vietnam. This was part of a wider strategy of containment, which aimed at stopping the spread of communism. According to the U.S. domino theory, if one state went Communist, other states in the region would follow, and U.S. policy thus held that accommodation to the spread of Communist rule across all of Vietnam was unacceptable. -
Sputnik launch
The first artificial earth satellite, it was launched by the Soviet Union into an elliptical low earth orbit. -
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Space Race
Competition between the Soviet Union and the United States. Soviets were the first to be in space. -
Civil rights act of 1957
First law adressing civil rights. Adressed voting issues. primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation passed by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction following the American Civil War. -
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research. President DWight D. Eisenhower established NASA -
23rd Amendment
permits citizens in the District of Columbia to vote for Electors for President and Vice President. The amendment was proposed by Congress on June 17, 1960, and ratified by the states on March 29, 1961. -
Congressional Souther Democrats
After World War II, during the civil rights movement, Democrats in the South initially still voted loyally with their party. After the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the old argument that all whites had to stick together to prevent civil rights legislation lost its force because the legislation had now been passed. More and more whites began to vote Republican, especially in the suburbs and growing cities -
Affirmative Action
refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, sex, or national origin"[1] into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business".[2] The concept of affirmative action was introduced in the early 1960s as a way to combat racial discrimination in the hiring process and, in 1967, the concept was expanded to include sex. -
OPEC oil embargo
is an oil cartel whose mission is to coordinate the policies of the oil-producing countries. The goal is to secure a steady income to the member states and to secure supply of oil to the consumers. The result was a rise in oil prices from $3 per barrel to $12 and the commencement of gas rationing. -
Higgins Boats
(LCVP) was a landing craft used expensively in amphibious landing in WW2 the drafts was designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operatinf in swamps and marshes. More than 20,000 were built. -
John F. Kennedy
His campaign was different because he was the first one to be televised. The public saw that he was young. -
Executive Order 10925
required government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin. Gender descrimination. -
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New Frontiers
The fall of Saigon ended the Vietnam War. -
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Vietnam Policy of JFK
JKF was very agressesive about Vietnam. He wants U.S troops to stop and increases the number of militarys. He wanted the U.S to fight and go to war. -
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Vietnam Era Draft
is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service" on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, and/or religion. In general, conscientious objector status is only considered in the context of military conscription and is not applicable to volunteer military forces. 4F means your not fit for duty. When Johnson was president about 40,000 were drafted. If you go to college you can get out. In WW2 people wanted to volunteer in war and fight for their country -
Berlin Wall
The wall is built in east Germany and west Germany. It was set up so people wont be free. It symbolized freedom. The Berlin Wall was destroyed in 1990 -
Pres. Kennedy's "moon" speech
Americans had the perception that the United States was loosing to the Space race witht the Soviets. "We choose to go to the moon" is based on testing our energies and skills -
Friendship 7
Human spaceflight mission conducted by NASA, the space agency of the United States. As part of project Mercury MA-6 was the successful first attempt by NASA to place an austranaut into orbit. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Was a 13 day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and cuba on one side and the United States on the other side. The crisis is generally regarded as the mooment in which the Cold War came closest to turning into a nuclear conflict and is also the first documented instance of Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD) being discussed as a determining factor in a major internation arms agreement. Agreement with the Soviet Union that the U.S would never invade Cuba. -
24th Amendment
prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964. -
Sam Walton
Creator of Walmart and Sam's Club. It was a one stop, you can get anything you wanted in the store, it had everything yu needed. He put them in rural areas. -
"I Have a Dream " speech, MLK
Beginning with a reference to the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed millions of slaves in 1863. is a public speech delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King, Jr. on August 28, 1963, in which he called for an end to racism in the United States. Delivered to over 250,000 civil rights supporters from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington, the speech was a defining moment of the American Civil Rights Movement -
Letter from the birmingham jail
The clergymen also disapproved of the timing of the demonstration. However, King believed that "this 'Wait' has almost always meant 'Never.'" King declared that they had waited for these God-given rights long enough and quoted Chief Justice Earl Warren, who said in 1958 that “justice too long delayed is justice denied.” The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism. -
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Vietnam Policy of Johnson
He changed his mind and didnt want to go to war and didnt want soldiers to go. He was more concerned about social issues at home. -
Assassination of Presedint JFK
the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated at 12:30 p.m. Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC) on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dealey Plaza, Dallas, Texas.[1][2] Kennedy was fatally shot by a sniper while traveling with his wife Jacqueline, Texas Governor John Connally. He was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald -
Organization od Afro-American Unity Malcoml X
The pupose of the OAAU was to fight for the human rights of African Americans and promote cooperation among Africans and people of African descent in the Americas. -
Gulf of Tonkin Incident/Resolution
North Vietnamese showed up at some U.S patrol practices and the vietnamese started to shoot and bacame a fight. President Lyndon B. Johnson the authority to assist any Southeast Asian country whose government was considered to be jeopardized by "communist aggression." The resolution served as Johnson's legal justification for deploying U.S. conventional forces and the commencement of open warfare against North Vietnam. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
piece of civil rights legislation in the United States[4] that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women.[5] It ended unequal application of voter registration requirements and racial segregation in schools, at the workplace and by facilities that served the general public -
Southern Christian Leadership- Martin Luther King, Jr.
He was an American pastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs. He helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. There, he established his reputation as one of the greatest orators in American history. In October 14, 1964 King received the Nobel Peace Prize for combating -
Assassination of Malcolm X
Was assassinated by the group he got out off. Some people reacted okay with it and some reacted sad. He was shot multiple times by 3 guys. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibits descrimination in voting. It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the American Civil Rights Movement, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections.Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution -
Head Start Education
is a program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families. -
FHA/HUD
is a Cabinet department in the Executive branch of the United States federal government. Although its beginnings were in the House and Home Financing Agency, it was founded as a Cabinet department in 1965, as part of the "Great Society" program of President Lyndon Johnson, to develop and execute policies on housing and metropolises. -
National Organization for Women-Betty Friedan
In 1966 Friedan founded, and became the first president of, the National Organization for Women.[19] She, with Pauli Murray, the first black female Episcopal priest, wrote its mission statement.[20] Under Friedan, NOW advocated fiercely for the legal equality of women and men. In 1970, after stepping down as NOW's first president, Friedan organized the nationwide Women's Strike for Equality on August 26, the 50th anniversary of the 19th Amendment granting women the right to vote. -
Black Panthers
Founded in 1966 by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale, for the protection of black neighborhoods from police brutality. The leaders incorporated socialist and marcist doctrines in their campaign. Eventually as their ideologies and objectives expanded it became too difficult to come to agreement. -
Orval Faubus
was the 36th Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied a unanimous decision of the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African-American students from attending Little Rock Central High School. -
Appointment of Thurgood Marshall to the Supreme court
was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African American justice. He served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit after being appointed by President John F. Kennedy and then served as the Solicitor General after being appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. President Johnson nominated him to the United States Supreme Court in 1967. -
25th Amendment
deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities. It supersedes the ambiguous wording of Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution, which does not expressly state whether the Vice President becomes the President, as opposed to an Acting President, if the President dies, resigns, is removed from office or is otherwise unable to discharge the power. -
George Wallace
was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat. After four runs for U.S. president (three as a Democrat and one on the American Independent Party ticket), he earned the title "the most influential loser" in 20th-century U.S. politics. He was a great guy. -
Tet Offensive
was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese Army against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies. It was a campaign of surprise attacks against military and civilian commands and control centers throughout South Vietnam. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr
He was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee on April 4, 1968, at the age of 39. He was killed by James Earl Ray, a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary, was arrested on June 8, 1968 in London at Heathrow Airport, extradited to the United States, and charged with the crime he died at the age of 70 in 1998. -
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Vietnam Policy of Nixon
He wants the U.S to help trained the South because he thinks the South should fight their own war. -
Tinker vs. Des Mointes
was a decision by the United States Supreme Court that defined the constitutional rights of students in U.S. public schools. The Tinker test is still used by courts today to determine whether a school's disciplinary actions violate students' First Amendment rights. -
Policy of "Vietnamization"
was a policy of the Richard Nixon administration during the Vietnam War to end the U.S.' involvement in the war and "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops". Nixon wanted The South to fight for their own country. -
Nixon Silent Majority Speech
is an unspecified large majority of people in a country or group who do not express their opinions publicly.[1] The term was popularized (though not first used) by U.S. President Richard Nixon in a November 3, 1969, speech in which he said, "And so tonight—to you, the great silent majority of my fellow Americans—I ask for your support."[2] In this usage it referred to those Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time, who did not join against Vietn -
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Drama, Debt, and the Digital Age
-
Apollo 11
Spaceflight that landed the first humans and the moon, Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin -
La Raza Unida
Was an American political party centered on Chicano nationalism. During the 1970s the Party campaigned for better housing, work, and educational opportunities for Mexican-Americans. Established by Jose Angel Gutierrez and Mario Compean in Crystal City, Texas. (National United Peoples Party[1] or United Race Party[2]) means (La Raza Unida) in spanish. -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee
Was one of the organizations of the Amercian Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's. It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker. -
Lestor Maddox
He refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. He was an american politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967-1971. -
Environmental Protection Agency
Is an agency of the U.S. federal government which was created for the purpose of protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.The EPA was proposed by President Richard Nixon. -
26th Amendment
prohibits the states and the federal government from setting a voting age higher than eighteen. It was adopted in response to student activism against the Vietnam War and to partially overrule the Supreme Court's decision in Oregon v. Mitchell -
Gold standard (Nixon Shock)
The Nixon Shock was a series of economic measures taken by United States President Richard Nixon in 1971 including unilaterally canceling the direct convertibility of the United States dollar to gold. It helped end the existing Bretton Woods system of international financial exchange, ushering in the era of freely floating currencies that remains to the present day. Switzerland redeemed $50 million in July. France acquired $191 million in gold. -
Title 9
Title IX is a portion of the Education Amendments of 1972, authored and introduced by Senator Birch Bayh and named the Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, after its House co-author and sponsor in 2002. It states (in part) that No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. -
Wisconsin vs. Yoder
is the case in which the United States Supreme Court found that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion outweighed the state's interest in educating its children. Three Amish students from three different families stopped attending New Glarus High School in the New Glarus, Wisconsin school district at the end of the eighth grade, all due to their parents' religious beliefs. -
Nixon's doplomatic visit to China
It marked the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC, which at that time considered the U.S. one of its foes, and the visit ended 25 years of separation between the two sides.
Prior to even being elected president, Richard Nixon had talked of the need for better relations with the PRC, with which the U.S. did not maintain diplomatic relations as it recognized the Republic of China or Taiwan as the government of China.
Relax tension, tell china not to join in with the soviets. -
Equal Rights Amendment
was a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for women. The ERA was originally written by Alice Paul and, in 1923, it was introduced in the Congress for the first time. In 1972, it passed both houses of Congress and went to the state legislatures for ratification -
War Powers Resolution
is a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of Congress. The resolution was adopted in the form of a United States Congress joint resolution; this provides that the President can send U.S. armed forces into action abroad only by declaration of war by Congress, "statutory authorization," or in case of "a national emergency created by attack upon the United States, its territories or possessions, or its armed forces. -
Endangered Species Act
Signed into law by President Richard Nixon on December 28, 1973, it was designed to protect critically imperiled species from extinction as a "consequence of economic growth and development untempered by adequate concern and conservation. The penalties for these violations can be a maximum fine of up to $50,000 or imprisonment for one year, or both, and civil penalties of up to $25,000 per violation. -
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Heritage Foundation
Research and education instruction. A think tank whos mission is to formulate and promote conserative public policies based on the principles of free enterprise, limit government, individual freedom, traditional american values, and a strong nation defense. -
United Farm Workers Association-Dolores Huerta, Caesar Chavez
Caesar Chavez was an American farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the United Farm Workers Association. Chavez became the best known Latino American civil rights activist, and was strongly promoted by the American labor movement, which was eager to enroll Hispanics members. He had a slogan "Si, se puede" which means Yes, it can be done. -
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Gerald Ford
He was the first person appointed to the Vice Presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, after Spiro Agnew resigned. When he became president upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he became the first and to date only person to have served as both Vice President and President of the United States without being elected by the Electoral College. -
Apollo -soyuz Project
The first joint U.S soviet space flight, and the last flight of and Apollo spacecraft. -
Bill Gates
Former Chief executive and chairman of Microsoft the worlds largest personal computer software comany. Co founded with Paul Allen. World's richest person in 2013. Started using computers alot in his school then Gates and Allen decided to start their own computer company. -
Fall of Saigon
was the capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (also known as the Viet Cong) on April 30, 1975. The event marked the end of the Vietnam War. -
Torrijos-Carter Treaty
The treaties guaranteed that Panama would gain control of the Panama Canal after 1999, ending the control of the canal that the U.S. had exercised since 1903. The treaties are named after the two signatories, U.S. President Jimmy Carter and the Commander of Panama's National Guard, General Omar Torrijos. -
GPS statellite
Is a satellite used by the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS). The first satellite in the system, Navstar 1, was launched February 22, 1978. The GPS satellite constellation is operated by the 50th Space Wing of the United States Air Force. Around 2000 it became public for all people. -
Camp David Accords
The Camp David Accords were the result of 14 months of diplomatic efforts by Egypt, Israel, and the United States that began after Jimmy Carter became President.[2] Efforts initially focused on a comprehensive resolution of disputes between Israel and the Arab countries, gradually evolved into a search for a bilateral agreement between Israel and Egypt. -
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Iran Hostage Crisis
Fifty-two Americans were held hostage for 444 days after a group of Iranian students supporting the Iranian Revolution took over the US Embassy in Tehran. President Carter called the hostages "victims of terrorism and anarchy," adding that "the United States will not yield to blackmail." -
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Moral Majority
was a prominent American political organization associated with the Christian right. -
B.E.T
is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viacom. It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences, and currently reaches more than 90 million households. The channel is headquartered in Washington, D.C.. Programming on the network comprises original and acquired television series, and theatrically- and home video-released movies, along with mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music video.By RobertJohnson -
"Just Say No" anti drug program
was an advertising campaign, part of the U.S. "War on Drugs", prevalent during the 1980s and early 1990s, to discourage children from engaging in illegal recreational drug use by offering various ways of saying no. Eventually, this also expanded the realm of "Just Say No" to violence and premarital sex. The slogan was created and championed by First Lady Nancy Reagan during her husband's presidency -
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Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Perestokia: improves healthcare , education, and many other economic problems.
Glasnost: gave people more freedom and rights.
The collapse of th esoviet union started by competing against america. Everything tjat amercia did the soviet union did. So reagan decided to put so much money in the millitary to improve so the soviet union (being a communist counrty) they invested money in the millitary and their economy crashed. -
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Reagonomics
The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy were to reduce the growth of government spending, reduce the federal income tax and capital gains tax, reduce government regulation, and tighten the money supply in order to reduce inflation.Lower government spending. "Peace thorugh Strenght" is an ancient phrase and concept implying that strength of arms is a necessary component of peace. -
AIDS
Africans ate monkeys. the monkeys had aids. An immigrant came to the united states and aids started spreding. Heavy drug users and homosexuals were the main groups that spreaded aids. -
Iran-Iraq War
was an armed conflict between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Republic of Iraq lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the 20th century's longest conventional war. The Iran–Iraq War began when Iraq invaded Iran via air and land on 22 September 1980. -
Bombing of the Marines barracks in Beirut
occurred during the Lebanese Civil War when two truck bombs struck separate buildings housing United States and French military forces—members of the Multinational Force (MNF) in Lebanon—killing 299 American and French servicemen. An obscure group calling itself 'Islamic Jihad' claimed responsibility for the bombings. Under Reagan -
Iran contra scandal
The scandal began as an operation to free the seven American hostages being held in Lebanon by a group with Iranian ties connected to the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution. It was planned that Israel would ship weapons to Iran, and then the United States would resupply Israel and receive the Israeli payment. The Iranian recipients promised to do everything in their power to achieve the release of the U.S. hostages. -
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George H.W Bush
Popular votes 53.4% opponent was 45.6% . Electoral votes for Bush were 426 and opponent were 11 -
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Gulf War
was a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait. Kuwait's invasion by Iraqi troops that began 2 August 1990 was met with international condemnation, and brought immediate economic sanctions against Iraq by members of the U.N. Security Council. U.S. President George H. W. Bush deployed U.S. forces into Saudi Arabia, and urged other countries to send their own forces to the scene. -
Yugoslav War
Bill Clinton in office. War between different races fighting eachtoher. Conflicst became informous for war crime ethnic cleansinf crimes against humanity, and rape. -
27th Amendment
Was first drafted by James Madison. -
Edgewood vs Kirby
a landmark case concerning public school finance, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund filed suit against commissioner of education William Kirby on May 23, 1984, in Travis County on behalf of the Edgewood Independent School District, San Antonio, citing discrimination against students in poor school districts. -
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Bill Clinton
Popular votes clinton got were 43% , Bush's popular votes were 37.5% . Electoral votes for clinton were 370 and Bush's electoral votes were 168 in 1992. In 1996 the popular votes for Clinton were 49.2% , Dole's electoral votes were 46.7% . The Electoral votes for Clinton were 379 , and Dole's electoral votes were 159. -
Contract with America
Relesed by the U.S republican party. Had alot of acts but most didnt get threw because president vote. -
NAFTA
Members: U.s, Canada, Mexico.
Purpose: To create the largest free trade.
Tariffs: Is a tax on goods.
Maquiladora: An operation of free trade zone where factories import material and equipment on a duty-free and tariff free basis. -
Impeachment of Bill Clinton
impeached by the House of Representatives on two charges, one of perjury and one of obstruction of justice. Two other impeachment articles, a second perjury charge and a charge of abuse of power, -
Theodore Roosevelt
Influenced the U>S millitary to keep fighting , Created a group called Rogh Riders. -
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George W. Bush
Popular votes of Kerry were 50.7% to 48.9% . Electoral votes of Al were 271-266. -
Patriot Act
is an act of congress signed by George W. Bush on October 26, 2001. 4th Amendment. -
911 Attackts
Were a series of 4 terrorost attacks launched by the al Qaeda upon the United States in New York City and the Washingtion D.C metropolitan area on Tuesday September 11, 2001. Four passenge airlines were hijacked by 19 Al Qaeda terrorist two or three planes were crushed into the north and south towers. Bin Laden was the leader of the attacks. 3,000 people died. Bin Laden was killed in 2011. -
Iraq War
We went to war in Iraq because it was belived that they had on advanced program to build weapons of mass destructions. 7500 people died. -
Kyoto Treaty
International treaty that sets blinding obligations on industreallized centries to reduce emissions of greenhouse effects. -
Hurricane Katrina
Located below sea level. New Orleans Louisiana. Poorly built walls. about 1,833 people died. Cause alot of damaged, People didnt believe it was going to be a big hurricane so they decided to stay and cause mass destruction and their was shooting and rapping. -
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Barack Obama
Electoral votes for Obama were 365 , electoral votes for McCain were 173 , popular votes for Obama were 52.9% and popular votes for McCain were 45.7% in 2008. In 2012 Obama got 332 electoral votes Romney got 206.