Enzyme Assignment

By youssef ibrahim

  • Amylase

    Amylase
    • Amylase is an enzyme found in saliva that breaks down starch into smaller disaccharides (chemical digestion)

  • HCL, Pepsinogen and Pepsin

    HCL, Pepsinogen and Pepsin
    • HCL kills the bacteria in the food and converts pepsinogen into its active form pepsin which breaks down the proteins into separate amino acids.

  • Peptidase

    Peptidase
    • The intestinal glands secrete peptidase which plays a very important role in the hydrolysis of proteins. Hydrolysis is the process that breaks down bigger molecules into smaller parts, in this case from proteins deriving peptides to even smaller units called amino acids.

  • Maltase

    Maltase
    • Maltase enzymes secreted by the intestinal Glands break down the disaccharide maltose into two individual glucose molecules

  • Lactase

    Lactase
    • Lactase is an enzyme released by the intestinal glands to decompose disaccharide lactose and milk sugars.
    • It divides lactose into its main components, galactose and glucose, and assists in the digestion of dairy products.

  • Sucrase

    Sucrase
    • Sucrase is an enzyme secreted by the intestinal glands to convert sucrose hydrolysis into simple sugars like glucose and fructose

  • sodium Bicarbonate

    sodium Bicarbonate
    • sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidic chyme that enters the small intestine.

  • Trypsinogen,Trypsin,Enterokinase, and erepsin

    Trypsinogen,Trypsin,Enterokinase, and erepsin
    • The pancreas releases protein digestive enzymes such as trypsinogen into the small intestine.
    • Once trypsinogen reaches the duodenum, an enzyme called enterokinase converts it into its active form trypsin.
    • Trypsin and erepsin enzymes both continue the work begun by pepsin in the stomach by breaking down whole and partially digested proteins (proteoses and peptones) into amino acids.

  • Lipase and Bile Salts

    Lipase and Bile Salts
    • Lipase is another enzyme released by the pancreas which works together with bile that is secreted by the liver to break down fats/lipids.
    • First, bile (containing bile salts) emulsifies fats breaking them into micelles which allows the lipases to have a much greater surface area on which to act on resulting in the increase of lipid digestion.

  • Renin

    Renin
    Found in the lung capillaries (liver) and causes an increase in blood pressure, leading to restoration of perfusion pressure in the kidneys

  • Phosphatases

    Phosphatases
    • Phosphatase is found in the tissues all around the body and is responsible for removing phosphatases for many types of molecules.