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Period: 1500 to
Galileo and Newton
Galileo and Newton discovered some the mysteries of nature which lead to three outcomes. First the growth of scientific knowledge in the 1700s, second was a rise of worldly outlook, and third was the rise of individualism. -
Period: to
Enlightenment Started
The Enlightenment started with two of the thinkers which were Thomas Hobbes and John Locke. -
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Women and their Place
Women were looked at very poorly during these times. Women writers tried to fight for more and fair education rights, as most weren’t allowed to go to school for science and math. -
Thomas Hobbes (Leviathan)
T. Hobbes expressed his views on humanity saying they are born wicked and selfish. -
John Locke
Locke published his ideas on the Enlightenment stating humans are born with there three natural rights. The natural rights included life, liberty, and property. -
Mary Astell
Mary Astell published A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. The book addressed the lack of education for women. Mary had used Enlightenment arguments about government to criticize the unfair relationships between their marriages. -
Period: to
Enlightenment Popularity
The Enlightenment reached its peak during the mid-1700s, the enlightenment did not just occur during this period. -
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Enlightenments Highest Point
Paris was the official meeting place for people to discuss politics and their ideas and were known as philosophers. Five important core aspects of philosophy were formed: reason (truth is discovered through reason), nature (natural items are good and reasonable), happiness (well-being on Earth), progress (progress for society), and liberty (free society). -
Montesquieu
Montesquieu, an aristocrat and lawyer, wrote a book called On the Spirit of Laws which included his proposed idea of separation of power within the government. -
Rousseau
Rousseau, passionate about individual freedom, believed everyone is born free and is equal to everyone. Rousseau said a good government is one that was formed freely by the people, he explained his philosophy in his book called The Social Contract. -
Beccaria
Beccaria believed laws were to protect social order and not to avenge crimes, which he stated in his book Crimes and Punishments the book stated against common abuses of justice. The abuses of justice were torturing of witnesses and suspects, improper proceedings in a trial, and wrongful punishments. Beccaria believed in speedy trials, no use of torture, and punishment is based on seriousness of crime. -
French Overthrow Monarchy
Due to Rousseau's ideas it inspired leaders of the French Revolution to overthrow their monarchy ruler for a more free government. -
Mary Wollstonecraft
Mary Wollstonecraft published an essay called A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. In this essay, she disagreed with Rousseau that women’s education should be like men's. She argued that women need education to become better, even they are mothers, education will also improve them as mothers. Mary also thought women should be able to be nurses or doctors. Mary also women had a place in politics.
