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Prep Work
Preparation for the war began in January 1642. This was partially due to a charge of treason that was ignored by parliament. -
Period: to
English Civil Wars
Works Cited:
All research was taken from these websites:
http://www.historyonthenet.com/Civil_War/civilwarmain.htm
http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~crossby/ECW/battles/index.html
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/English_civil_war.aspx Pictures attained from Google Images
**If exact date was unkown, we used the 1st of the month that the event occured in. -
Militia Ordinance
In March of 1642, Parliament gains control of the Militia which is essentially the only army in the Country. -
Parliament seeking power
In June, Parliament wanted to settle the issues with the king by proposing 19 propositions that would have a new constitution that would show the supremacy of Parliament. -
War Begins
At Nottingham, King Charles I, raises his arm signaling that his twelve year old son would become King Charles II. This event is also known as the igniter of the English Civil Wars. But on August 22, 1642 Charles 1 officially declared war; the war was between the Royalists (supporters of Charles I) and the Parliamentarians (supporters of the rights and privileges of Parliament). -
Surrender!
The vital port and fortress of Portsmouth surrendered to Parliament. -
1st Battle
On October 23 the 1st battle occured, the Battle of Edgehill. In this battle, both of the kings lives were at stake. However, the battle ended up in a stalemate and neither side was able to advance. -
Battle
The Battle of Adwalton Moor on June 30, the Royalists attempted to surround the Parliamentary Army, but rather than let themselves be surrounded Parliament fought back. Although, Parliament had the advantage poor choices were made with resulted in their defeat. -
Battle
The Battle of Roundway Down happened on July 13. Parliament knew that the Royalist army had headed toward Salisbury and thus decided to follow. They did not realize that Parliament had recruited more help. Led by Hopton a new army for the Royalists were headed to meet them when Parliament saw them and took up a defensive. However, the original Army came and attacked them from behind. This also resulted in a victory for the Royalists. Works Cited:
Picture:http://www.battleofroundway.co.uk -
Document Passed
In August, the Solemn League and covenant was presented to parliament and passed in September. This document preserved the Church of Scotland and was to reform religion in England. Works Cited:
Picture:http://www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk/ecivil/images/covena1.jpg -
Battle
First Battle of Newbury on September 20. Robert Devereux, third Earl of Essex, was leading Parliament back to London and was attacked by Prince Rupert. This slowed them enough so that King Charles could come and block the path which Parliament was planning to follow. However, he made poor decisions and the Battle resulted in a draw. -
Battle
The battle of Marston Moor occured on July 2 1644. This was the largest battle during the time of this particular civil war. The Royalists were outnumbered and decided to fight anyways. For the first time during the war Parliament’s calvary defeated the Royalist and continued to win the entire battle -
The Second Battle of Newbury
Charles and his men were positioned on the northern edge of Newbury hoping that Prince Rupert and his men would get there in time to strengthen the army. Parliament decided not just to set up on the North-east ridge of Newbury but to send some men around to attack the Royalists from the back. As day broke the Royalist were attack on both sides and could not seem to make any progress. The battle lasted all day and eventually they retreated and Parliament decided not to go after them. -
Battle
The Battle of Naseby - The Parliamentarians broke their siege on Oxford and forced the Royalists into battle. The Royalists first took up a defensive stance but later they were ordered to attack. The battle was merely three hours long yet it ended the lives of most of the Royalist foot soldiers. It was a decisive victory for Parliament. Charles fled the battlefield as soon as it was apparent that he had lost both the battle and the war. -
Batle
Battle of Langport - After the Battle of Naseby and the retaking of Leicester, paliament ordered Fairfax to relieve Taunton, under siege by Goring. Then the royalists fled the field and as Goring retreated west, his forces deserted in droves and his army virtually ceased to exist. -
Surrender
Charles I Surrendered to the Scots. -
Surrender
Oxford, Charles I's capital surrendered to Parliament -
Imprisonment
The Scots handed Charles over to parliament. He was imprisoned in Holdenby House in Northamptonshire. -
Debate
Putney Debates – This was a series of debates held by different Parliamentarian forces to try to decide on a new constitution. -
Escape
Charles I escaped prison and ran away to Carisbrooke Castle, Isle of Wight. -
Battle Begins Again
Fighting started in March 1648, with Royalist uprisings in Wales and southern England. -
Recapture
Charles was recaptured and sent to Windsor Castle -
Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament began. All members of Parliament who were in favor of negotiating with the King had been expelled. The Rump Parliament gave parliament the right to make new Acts of Parliament without the king's approval. -
Trial
King Charles was tried for treason by a High Court of Justice specially set up for the trial. The court found Charles guilty and sentenced him to death. -
Execution
King Charles I was executed by beheading, outside Whitehall Palace, London. He was buried in St George's Chapel, Windsor. -
Beginning of 3rd Civil War
The Marquess of Huntly was executed for taking up arms for the king. The Marquess of Montrose, under the direction of Charles II, then was able to make a last attempt to rally the Scottish Royalists, causing the 3rd Civil War. -
Battle
Battle of Dunbar - Parliament led by Oliver Cromwell against Royalist commander led by Sir David Leslie. First, the royalist army was forcing the parliament army back to Dunbar, but then the Royalist surprisingly attacked the Parliamentarians. The Royalist won the battle and marched into Edinburgh and took over the city. -
Battle
Battle of Worchester - Parliament was lead by Oliver Cromwell and the Royalist were led by Charles II. The royalist won by pushing the Parliamentarians back into to the city. The royalists defeated the Parliamentarians making this the last battle of the English Civil War.
