-
Period: 4000 BCE to 3000 BCE
Early beginnings
-
3900 BCE
Disease caused by
Evil spirits -
3600 BCE
Treatments for sick
Gods healing people -
3100 BCE
Medicines used today
Digitalis
Quinine
Belladonna and atropine
Morphine -
Period: 2999 BCE to 399
Ancient times
-
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
First to keep health records -
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
They healed using the gods and medicine -
2900 BCE
Ancient Egyptians
Physicians are priests -
1900 BCE
Ancient Chinese
Acupuncture was used with stone tools. Their methods developed to advanced practice. -
900 BCE
Ancient Greeks
First to study disease and find out it was natural more than spiritual -
100
Ancient Roman’s
Sent medical equipment and physicians with their armies. First to organize medical care. -
100
Ancient Romans
Brought clean water to their city’s, built sewers to carry off waste, public baths with filtering -
100
Ancient Romans
Kept the ill in a room in their houses, public buildings for the care of sick were devolved soon after. -
Period: 400 to 800
Dark age
-
500
Stopped study of medicine
When Rome empire was conquered by Huns, medicine was stopped. Church believed life and death were in gods hands. Priests and monks didn’t care about bodily function. -
700
How do they treat disease
Primary treatment was prayer, medication consisted of herbal mixtures -
Period: 800 to 1400
Middle Age
-
1100
Epidemics
Caused millions of deaths during this period. Bubonic plague killed 60 mil, other diseases including small pox, diphtheria, syphilis, tuberculosis, etc -
Period: 1350 to
Renaissance
-
1450
Rebirth
Rebirth of learning, new scientific progress, many developments including universities/medical schools, dissection of body for study, printing press and books, etc -
Period: 1501 to
16th and 17th centuries
-
1515
Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body -
1550
Gabriele Fallopius
Discovered fallopian tubes of female anatomy -
1563
Bartolommeo Eustachio
Discovered tube leading from ear to throat -
William Harvey
Used knowledge to understand physiology. Was able to describe circulation of blood and pumping of heart. -
Antonie von leeuwehnoek
Invented the microscope, scarped his teeth and found bacteria that causes tooth decay -
Apothecaries
Early farmacies -
Period: to
18th century
-
Benjamin Franklin
Discoveries include bifocals, found colds that could be passed from person to person -
Medical students learning
Students attended lectures in a classroom and a lab so they could observe patients bedsides -
Joseph Priestley
Discovered the element of oxygen -
Edward Jenner
Discovered a method for vaccination for smallpox -
Rene Laennec
Invented the sethoscope -
Period: to
19th and 20th centuries
-
Ignaz Semmelweis
Identified cause of childbed fever which was poor hygiene by physicians -
Florence Nightingale
Attracted well educated and dedicated women to the Nightingale school of nursing -
Louis Pasteur
Known as father of microbiology, he discovered that tiny microorganisms were everywhere, proved they caused diseases, discovered heating milk prevented the growth of bacteria. -
Dmirtri Ivanovski
Discovered that some diseases were caused by things we can’t see, called viruses -
Joseph Lister
Used carbolic acid on wounds to kill germs, became the first doctor that used antiseptic during surgery -
Ernst von bergmann
Developed aspesis developed a method to keep a area germ free before and after surgery , -
Robert Koch
Discovered many disease causing organisms, developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated bacerium that causes tuberculosis -
Paul Ehrlich
Discovered the effect of medicine on disease causing microorganisms -
Wilhelm Roentgen
Discovered x-rays in 2895, took very first pic using x-rays of his wife’s hand -
Anesthesia
Before anesthesia early physicians used to use herbs, hashish, and al honor to help relive pain.many patients died from shock and pain. -
Sir Alexander Fleming
Found that penicillin killed life threatening bacteria, discovery of penicillin and considered one of the most important discoveries of the twentieth century. -
Sigmund Freud
Discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind, he determined that mind and Boyd work together -
Gerhard Domagk
Discovered sulfonamide compounds, kills deadly diseases -
Jonas Salk
Discovered the dead polio virus would cure poliomyelitis -
Albert Sabin
Started using a live polio virus vaccine which was more effective -
Francis Crick and James Watson
Discovered the structure of dna -
Christian Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant -
Ben Carson
Separates Siamese twins and performs hemispherectomies -
Bionic Prosthetic
People can have fully functioning limbs that they might have lost or were not born with -
Period: to
21st century
-
Artificial Organs
Because there is always a need for organs, and for now are only option is transplant. According to science museums there are currently 7 organs being grown in a lab with success, including eyes, hearts, skin, bone, muscles, brains and livers. -
Cyber knife
Surgies that were not once possible through conventional methods may be possible through cyber knife. Cyber knife is robot that kills tumors with a high dose of radiation. It includes,
No incisions
Minimally invasive
Less downtime after surgery
Less opportunity for infection
More effective than conventional surgery -
HIV treatments
In 2006, the FDA approved Atripla, which combined 3 antiretroviral drugs into 1. This drug decreased side effects and it was easier to stay on schedule. In 2013 another drug was introduced that combined 4 medication into one controlling the symptoms even better. -
Controlling heart disease
If attended to quickly, a person having a hear attack can be successfully treated by busting the blockage that prevents blood from circulating with t-PA, a genetically engineered tissue plasminogen activator. -
Hemgenix
Hemgenix is a new, one-time infusion for those with hemophilia B. This IV infusion, approved by the FDA in November 2022, consists of a viral vector carrying a gene for clotting Factor IX. The gene is expressed in the liver to producer Factor IX protein, which increases blood levels of Factor IX and effectively limits bleeding episodes associated with hemophilia B.