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1215
Holy Roman Emperor elected by nobles
The Holy Roman Emporer was the most powerful and the leading ruler in Europe. The empire was a collection of unified kingdoms that lived under an Emporer elected by the nobles. -
1325
Mexica start conquering an empire
The Aztec Empire was an ancient Meso-American culture/civilization that thrived in 1325-1519. They conquered what is now modern-day Mexico until they were overthrown by the Spanish in 1519. -
1368
Founding of the Ming Dynasty
Ming Taizu founded the Ming dynasty in 1368 and during that time period drove out the Mongols from their conquered land. -
1415
Portuguese capture Ceuta, starting an empire
The conquest of the Moroccan fortress, Ceuta, by the Portuguese explorer, Henry the Navigator, began the Portuguese empire and introduced the enslaving of Africans to other European countries. -
1433
End of Zheng He's voyages
Over the course of 28 years, Zheng He had restored China's diplomatic and trade relations, freed the oceans routes from Asia to India and Arabia of pirates, and established Chinese communities that still exist today. -
1438
Pachakuti launches Inca conquests
In 1438, the first great Inca Emporer, Pachakuti, began a series of military conquests from Cuzco to other cities in the Andes, leading the Incas to be one of the most successful empires to have existed. -
1453
Ottoman conquest of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople removed what was once a powerful defense for Christian Europe against Muslim invasion, allowing further Muslim conquests in Europe. -
1453
End of Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War was fought between France and England over the succession of the French throne but as a result, cost both economically and gave the countries a sense of nationalism. -
1492
End of reconquista
Reconquista was a series of campaigns run by Spain to recapture territory from the Muslims and by the late 1400s, the Muslims held only the tiny kingdom of Granada that fell to the army of Spanish monarchs in 1492. -
1556
Akbar becomes Mughal emperor
The Mughal dynasty was at its peak when its greatest ruler, Akbar, became Emporer at age 14. -
Mikhail Romanov becomes ruler of Russia
In 1613 the Russian nobles offered royal power to Mikhail Romanov who became the first tsar of the Romanov Empire.
