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History of Education
In the 17th century, it was recognized the need for public Education. Those who were in need were the children who the public identified as essential. Boston Latin School was established as the first public school in 1635. During this time, Thomas Jefferson wanted to include funding. However, it didn’t work until the following year. Later in the 1980s, many public schools became active and started to receive school funding. -
Landmark Legislation
By the 19th and 20th centuries, Congress passed landmark legislation. Yet in 1828, the 14th amendment passed, which was equal protection of all laws. Since Congress passed the landmark legislation law, it protected all people. If this protection had not passed, it would have affected many people, not having the right to vote. People would still be slaves, or others would have still been taken advantage of. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Homer Plessy was a young man who had purchased a first-class train ticket on June 7th, 1892. Plessy was traveling from New Orleans to Covington, Louisiana. Lessy was arrested on June 7th, 1892, because he chose to sit with white class, instead of black. According to the law is 1892, he was arrested because he sat where he shouldn't have, instead of paying a fine, he went to jail. This law affected all people of color people because they had to sit at the end of the train. -
Continue Education
In 1918, every state required students to complete elementary school. Therefore more and more students were required to attend school. Yet, I also believe this brought many concerns to others because of lawsuits. This helps all students in every state; therefore, they can receive their education. -
Brown V. The Board of Education, Topeka
In 1951 Linda Brown was rejected entry to all-white elementary schools in Kansas. Therefore her father filed a lawsuit stating not all-black schools were equal to all-white schools, which was violating the 14th amendment. After filing for a lawsuit, three more cases were combined and later named Brown V, the Board of Education, Topeka. This case impacted all colored children and parents because they were restricted to some regions of their color. -
Engel V. Vitale
The State of New York would have students say a prayer before the beginning of the day, which some parents didn’t agree with. On June 25th, 1962, people stated it violated the establishment clause of the first amendment. Later the state argued anyone could leave the classroom or weren’t obligated to say any prayer. It could have affected people who do not follow a religion, but again, nobody was obligated. -
San Antonio Independent School District V. Rodriguez
In 1971, the San Antonio organization began battling racial and class inequities. By May 16, 1968, high school students started walking out of their school. By then, 90% of the students were of Mexican origin. Not until July 10, 1968, parents decided to file on behalf of the Texas school children who were poor or raised in school districts with low property-tax bases. Parents and students were affected by how low their school was. -
Parc V. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
On January 7th, 1971, a lawsuit protected all children with mental retardation, mild or profound, from all public schools, named The Parc v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. After this lawsuit was filed and accepted, later was also protected by the Education of all Handicapped Children Act. The problem with this lawsuit was that it was discriminating against all children with disabilities. This lawsuit was looking to protect all children with any issues. -
Title IX
Education Amendments of 1972 Title IX. Title IX protects all people from discrimination based on sex. All education programs and activities that receive Federal financial assistance must operate in a non-discriminatory manner. This change impacted all individuals. This amendment helped children, stopped discriminations regarding any benefits, programs, scholarships, or any financial help. -
Plyler V. Doe
In 1975 Texas Legislature authorized School districts to deny students who were foreign-born children. Therefore, a group of people filed a lawsuit stating they had violated the 14th amendment by denying children public education. All foreign children were affected by this action. However, by June 1982, the supreme court issued Plyler V Doe, which said no states could deny free public education regardless of their immigration status. -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act
On November 19, 1975, Congress passed the Education of all Handicapped Children Act. The Education of all Handicapped Children Act protects all children with disabilities to have an education. It also helps children with disabilities to evaluate their needs with their parents' input. This amendment protects all students; therefore, they all received their Education according to their needs. -
Sheff V. O'neill
In 1989, a group of students with their parents filed a lawsuit because of less equality. The main goal was to receive equal education for both urban and suburban students. This had affected all minority students. However, there was a settlement in 1996; the groups of students didn’t agree and later filed for another proposal. Their proposal was later met by 2003.
