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The problem
Before the 1950s, students with disabilities were excluded from attending public schools. These students were kept at home with their parents or they were taken to private institutions where they did not receive an education. Since children with disabilities were not allowed to attend school, they grew up uneducated. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483 (1954), was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Department of Public Welfare v. Haas in 1958
Supreme Court of Illinois maintained that the state's compulsory education laws did not require "free public education for the 'feeble-minded' or to no children who were 'mentally deficient' and who, because of limited intelligence, were unable to reap the benefits of a good education. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)
Initiation of the role of federal government in protecting and providing for students from disadvantaged backgrounds so that they would have equal access to the public education school system.
-Free and Reduced Lunch System
-Grant Program: encouraged states to create and improve programs for students with disabilities -
P.L. 94-142 – The Education For All Handicapped Children Act
Schools were required to ensure that all children, regardless of their disability, receive a free and appropriate public education. The law stated the inclusion of students with disabilities in less restrictive learning environments such as general education classrooms. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Education for All Handicapped Children Act (P.L. 94-142), and the Vocational Rehabilitation Act (P.L. 93-112) improved opportunities for individuals with disabilities. Also the inclusion of students with disabilities in less restrictive learning environments such as general education classrooms. In 1990, it was expanded as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
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Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (P.L. 105-17)
Requires students with disabilities to receive services even if expelled, allows use of developmental delay category through age 9, requires access to general education curriculum and state/district-wide testing, IEP team includes a general education teacher and a behavior plan (if warranted), offers mediation options, limits attorneys fees. -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Enacted to provide a framework "on how to improve the performance of America's elementary and secondary schools while at the same time ensuring that no child is trapped in a failing school."
*NCLB covers a wide range of areas: improving teacher quality, supporting instruction for ELLs, efforts to keep schools safe and drug free.
[Link text]https://study.com/.../no-child-left-behind-summary-pros-cons.html) -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
In 2004, it was amended by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA).Legislation that provides individuals with disabilities with:education, employment, housing and other rights that they were previously denied. Transition services are mandated for students aged 16- 21 yrs. They are based on students’ strengths, preferences, and interests.Transition activities can include: instruction, community experiences, development of employment and other adult-living objectives. -
IDEA continued to change
In August 2006 IDEA was changed...(Part B for school-aged children) and in September 2011 (Part C, for babies and toddlers).
