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Council for Exceptional Children
An organization founded by Elizabeth E. Farrell and other educational professionals. The organization's aim has been to create efforts that improve the education of exceptional students. The Council has succeeded in helping pass bills and laws that protect the rights of exceptional children. -
Brown v. Board of Education
An important Supreme Court ruling that established the right of education for all children. Though it's best known for tackling racial segregation in schools, it's a foundational case that later recognized equal education for students with disabilities. For example, parents of students with disabilities have referenced this case to pass laws to protect exceptional students. -
Ass'n, Children w/ Learning Disabilities
The ACLD was formed by parents and people with learning disabilities who advocated for all who had learning disabilities. They expressed the need for children and adults with learning disabilities to receive essential support and resources. This included ensuring students with learning disabilities are given quality education. -
ESEA - Elem. & Second. Ed. Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was passed to help students from low-income families. The main objective of this act was to supply resources for these students and families through improved school programs. This Act also ensured that funds would be used to create improved programs for students with disabilities. -
PARC v. Commonwealth, Penn.
This court case took place because students with learning disabilities were being excluded from public schools in the state of Pennsylvania. Families expressed concerns over the clear violation of the students' rights. As a result, the court addressed that the state cannot deny equal access to education for students with intellectual or developmental disabilities. -
Mills v. Board of Education District of D.C.
Similar to PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, this case gave the right for public education for handicapped students or students with physical disabilities. According to the ruling, the schools had to monitor the students, train the teachers, and ensure the students receive assistance if needed. This case also ensured that handicapped students can be integrated in general education classrooms if they so please. -
Rehabilitation Act
The Rehabilitation Act was passed by former President Richard Nixon. This act prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in education, housing, and employment (and federal or state programs). This act is also known as the first major federal law for the rights of people with disabilities. -
Ed, All Handicapped Children Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was another major federal act that reinforced previous acts in establishing free and special education available for students with physical, intellectual, and/or developmental disabilities. This included making sure the schools are able to provide accommodations and assistance to these students if necessary. This act also covered free meals for students with disabilities. -
ADA - Am. w/ Disab. Act
The ADA act protects people with disabilities from discrimination in any aspect of their lives. This applies to federal/state programs, public places, etc. It is an extension of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The link lists the march of activists who showed how inaccessible public buildings and transportation is for people with disabilities and why the ADA had to be passed.
History - ADA -
IDEA - Indiv. w/ Disab. Ed. Act
The IDEA of 1990 was amended from the Education for All Handicapped Children Act. This act is known as one of the events that include students with disabilities in less restrictive learning environments. Another reason the IDEA was introduced from the EHA was to add inclusive language and to include people with autism and brain injuries as beneficiants of the IDEA. -
No Child Left Behind Act
The NCLB Act organized schools to create assessment standards for students. Reformed from the ESEA, this act required test scores of students from all groups. The video linked is a brief explanation of the events that led to the passing of this act. It includes the origins of the act and how both parties united to close the achievement gap. It also details the flaws of the act, indicating that there are still improvements to be made.
NCLB Video