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American School for the Deaf
The American School for the Deaf is founded in Hartford, Connecticut. This is the first school for disabled children. ASD -
Perkins Institution
Perkins Institution founded by Samuel Gridley Howe in Boston, Mass. First residential institution for the mentally retarded. Perkins Institution -
Columbia Institution
Columbia institution for the Deaf, Dumb & Blind was authorized to provide college degrees. This became the first college for people with disabilities. Columbia Institution -
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
Council for Exceptional Children CEC was founded. This council informs parents, teachers, and administration about the education of individuals with disabilities. It is dedicated to helping improved the education for all disabled people by advocating policies, educating the public, and setting professional standards. CEC Video about the CEC -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that separate schools for black and white children are unequal and unconstitutional. This decision essentially sparked the civil rights movement. Because of the decision, parents with children with disabilities began bringing lawsuits against their school districts for segregating children with disabilities. Brown v. Board of Education -
Impact of Mills and PARC
Mills v. Board of Education. The district of Columbia could not exclude, suspend, or expel disabled children from the public schools. PARC v. Pennsylvania dealt with the exclusion of children with mental retardation from public schools. The Mills ruling in addition to that of the PARC is what led towards the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. [Mills and PARC (http://www.wrightslaw.com/law/art/history.spec.ed.law.htm) -
Rehabilitation Act
The sections 501,503, 504 Rehabilitation Act was passed. This prohibited discrimination in federal programs or services that were receiving federal funds. Section 501prohibited employment discrimination against individuals with disabilities in the federal sector. Section 503 was to accommodating individuals with disabilities. Section 504 prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability. Rehabilitation Act -
The Education of All Handicapped Children Act
The Education of All Handicapped Children Act (PL 94-142) required Free and Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) in the least restrictive (LRE) setting. This meant that all children with disabilities would have a right to education and to establish a process where state and local educational agencies are held accountable for providing education services for all handicapped children. Education of All Handicapped Children Act -
Rowley Case
The Board of Education Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley. This is the first special education case to land in the U.S Supreme court. The ruling: students who qualified for special education services must have access to public school programs that meet their educational needs that the program must be supported by services that enable students to benefit from instruction. Rowley Case -
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IDEA of 1997
By this time IDEA had additional amendments were added to IDEA. It shifted focus from providing access to now providing meaningful and measurable programs for all students with disabilities. This included goals and mandatory assessments. 1997 IDEA -
IDEA of 2004
IDEA allows for alternative models to identify learning disabilities. This includes addressing those children falling behind and addresses learning gaps. It was designed to provide an education that meets a child’s needs and prepares the child for further education, employment, and independent living. Also, to protect the rights of both children with disabilities and their parents. 2004 IDEA IDEA Video
