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Jan 1, 1440
The moveable type printing press
The printing press increased the spread of knowledge and simultaneously increased the amount of knowledge needed to be a success. According to Collins and Halverson, "Universal schooling was ultimately a product of the printing press, and hence educaton is centered on the major products of literate thought - namely reading, writing, history, mathematics, and science," (cititation given on submitted assignment) Photo credit: This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons -
John Amos Comenius
Comenius (active dates ~1614-1670) categorized learning into groups/subjects. Used a series of textbooks to move students from lower levels to higher levels. He also pioneered methods involving inquiry and object lessons. Many of his theories of learning are mirrored by 20th Century Educational Theorists like Dewey. Photo credit: This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons -
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
Pestalozzi (active dates ~1775-1827) was one of the first educators to look at the student rather than the subject-matter. His personal influence did not have effect in a broad sense. His bigger impact came from influencing others to find better teaching methods. Photo credti: This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons -
Joseph Lancaster
Lancaster (active dates ~1798-1838) greatly influenced the organizaton of schools. Much of his organization can still be seen in schools today, including the teacher up front, students grouped to model, practice,and repeat the basics. Tech advances include the use of slates and sand tables for quick and cost-effective practice. Photo credit: This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons -
Motion Pictures
The development of motion pictures led to their use in educational settings. Some predicted they would spell the doom of books in schools. Even though it wasn't that dire, the use of motion pictures in schools was ubiquitous through the early 80s. Credit for photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/double_o_zero/7304060416/sizes/c/in/photostream/ -
School Museums
The first "School Museum" opened in St. Louis. School museums brought films and artifacts to schools. A central "museum" would house the material making it more affordable becuase individual schools did not have to purchase the media, simply borrow or rent it. Many museums, still have exhibits like these, including the FL Museum of Natural History.
Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/greenshock/2840327/sizes/m/in/photostream/ -
Department of Visual Instruction
The merging of 3 major "educational technology" professional organizations into the Department of Visual Instructin (later AECT). The combined leadership of the movemnt gave it the ability to have a stronger presence in the field of education. -
Ralph Tyler - Behavior Objectives
Ralph Tyler heads an eight year study that demonstrates the power of objectives stated in behavioral terms. The idea of behavioral objectives is key to behaviorist, stimulus-response learning later used in CAI and teaching machines and is still used today in many educational software. -
World War II
Like all technology, Educational Technology made significant leaps forward as it proved itself useful in the training of troops. Much of the informtion learned in regards to using films to train was later used in classrooms and businesses to teach.credit for photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/beautifulcataya/2150215961/sizes/z/in/photostream/ -
World War II
Like all technology, Educational Technology made significant leaps forward as it proved itself useful in the training of troops. Much of the informtion learned in regards to using films to train was later used in classrooms and businesses to teach.
credit for photo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/beautifulcataya/2150215961/sizes/z/in/photostream/ -
Television
With the advent of commercially successful television, whole station frequencies were set aside for educational television. Although the full capacity was not reached, the use of TVs for instructional programming did create a new market for education. Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/partyspoon/4082899159/ -
Whirldwind
MIT worked with the US Navy to create a computer that could operate in real-time output to be used as a flight simulator to help train pilots. This was among the first times computer technology was used for instruction. -
Children's Television Workshop
The CTW was founded specifically to to use research in the creation of educational television programming to affect the development of preschoolers, particularly low-income preschoolers. Its success can be seen in the popularilty of Seasame Street, now in its 43rd season. -
Michael Scriven - Formative Assessment
Michael Scriven champions the need for formative assessment in order to the determine the effectiveness of a program of teaching. This was in response to the lack of effectiveness of many of the programs designed after Sputnik. The idea of program effectiveness is key in instructional software design regardless of the philosophical or psychological paradigm of the design. -
The Oregon Trail
Don Rawitsch, Bill Heinemann, and Paul Dillenberger create The Oregon Trail as a text-baaed computer simulation to help 8th grade students "live" the experience. It paved the way for software designed for instruction and simulation in the classroom. Photo credit: http://tinyurl.com/c9q8qnu -
Computers in the 80s and 90s
Increased use of PCs and Macs in K12 schools. Overall impact was minimal since the computers were not available for consistent use and teachers were not familiar with how to use them. In many cases they became isolated, drill & practice centers. Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/xx3734/4514386451/sizes/z/in/photostream/ -
Facebook open to everyone
Facebook, and the resulting "social media" boom have changed the way we relate to each other and therefore the way we relate to new knowledge consumption and creation. This is leading to the disintermediation of education where personalization and cutomization are the norm, not an IEP. -
iPhone introduced
The iPhone completely changed the mobile phone and computer industries by creating a phone that could double as a computer. "Now the iPhone isn’t just a smartphone, but also a medical device, a musical instrument, an education tool and thousands of other apps. A single app has potential to compete with an entire industry and impact our culture." (citation on submitted work) Photo credit: http://www.flickr.com/photos/everyplace/1355964386/sizes/m/in/photostream/
