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First "English Academy" started (choice)
This school emphasizes seclularism, which goes against the ideas of religiousness in education. -
Revolutionary War 1775-1783 (equity/equality)
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Declaration of Independence (choice/ equality)
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Land ordinance of 1785 and Northwest Ordinance of 1787 (quality/excellence)
Both set aside land for public education -
Bill of Rights adopted (equality/ excellence)
the tenth admendment makes education a function of the state -
Schools for both African Americans and women open (equity)
Mount Holyoke Female Seminary
African Institute -
First mandatory attendance law (quality/excellence)
in Massachusetts, followed by other states -
1861-1865 US Civil War (choice/ equity)
educational progress almost completely stops. War destroys educational buildings and reduces funds for education -
First Morrill Act (quality/excellence)
Land Grant Act; creates funds for state colleges -
Department of Education created (efficiency)
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14th admendent ratified (equity)
includes due process and equal protection under the law -
Michigan State Supreme Court: levy taxes for public HS (quality/excellence)
said Kalazoo could levy taxes for this purpose -
Second Morill Act (quality/ excellence)
creates 16 black land grant colleges (reference separate but equal) -
Committee of Ten (quality/excellence)
said that all high school students should follow a college-bound curriculum although not all students are on this track -
Spanish American War (quality/excellence)
makes USA an international power (reference national concern over students keeping up in 21st century in 1980's to present) -
Carnegie Unit (efficiency)
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching introduced seat time in units for courses (still used today) -
1914-1918 WWI (choice/ equality)
Creation of the Army alpha and beta test (reference use of standardized tests) -
John Dewey (quality/excellence)
His views helps advance the progressive education movement -
All states provide tranportation funds by law for students (efficiency)
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19th Admendmend Ratified (choice/ equality)
women's right to vote -
1941-1945 US Involvement in WWII (choice/ equality)
financial resources moved to the war effort, human resources and students leave schools to enlist -
G.I. Bill (choice/ efficiency)
creates an influx into colleges (over 2 million) -
Mendez vs. Westminster and California BOE (equity)
ruled that educating Mexican students and other students in different facilities is unconstitutional (refernce Brown vs. BOE) -
Computer age begins (efficiency)
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Truman Commission Report (efficiency)
evaluated the role of higher education; shows need to increase community college enrollement -
Civil Rights Movement begins (choice/ equity)
continues today... -
Brown vs. Topeka BOE (choice/ equity)
separate but equal is not; desegregation -
Little Rock 9 (choice/ equity)
Nine black students attend Central High School enforced by federal troops -
National Defense Education Act (excellence)
With the Sputnik launch (1957- Soviet Union), feel of being behind helped to pass this act that funded science, math, and foreign language education -
Engel vs. Vitale (equity/ equality)
rules that a state prayer can not be created and mandated to be recited by students -
Civil Rights Act becomes law (equity/equality)
prohits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, and national origin -
Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty (equity/equality)
Created ESEA, higher education act, project head start -
Immigration Act of 1965 (choice)
created situation for influx of Asian and Latin American immigrants to enter USA. (Carter also created an influx of immigrants to schools during his presidency) -
1965-1975 Vietnam War (efficiency)
Multiple effects: funds for veterans to attend college, grade inflaiton to keep deferments in place, anti-war protests on campuses around country, including four students shot in Ohio on campus by National Guard -
Coleman Report (equity/equality)
African American students benefit from diversity in classroom (reference busing) -
Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children vs. Pennsylvania (equity/equality)
ruled mentally retarded students entitled to free public education. 1972 case (Mills vs. BOE Washington, DC) expanded this to include adequate alternative education -
Title IX of the Education Admendment of 1972 (equity/equality)
prohibits discrimination based on sex in educational settings -
Rehabilitation Act (equity/equality)
Section 504 allows for accomodations (504 Plans) of students with disabilities -
Education of All Handicapped Children Act (equity/equality)
free, appropriate public education of students with disabilities -
Personal Computer (efficeincy)
Apple computer creates first personal computer and students use these in educational setting -
A Nation at Risk (quality/excellence)
start of current accountability sytem -
Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (quality/excellence)
high stakes testing program, other states create similar programs -
Improving America's Schools Act (quality/excellence)
reforms for Title I, funds for biligual and immigrant education, provisions for charter schools, drop-out prevention, and technology -
Georgia Preschool Access
universal preschool for anyone that wants to participate -
Columbine High School Shooting (efficiency/ school safety)
start of higher rate of school shooting and increased concern for safety -
No Child Left Behind Act (quality/excellence)
high stakes testing mandates, pentalities for schools that do not demostrate student acheivement -
IDEA 2004 (equity/equality)
creates implementation of RTI to improve early detection of special education studets -
Va Tech Shooting (efficiency)
Deadliest school shooting, creates additional safety procedures for colleges around the country -
Common Core (efficiency/ quality/excellence)
many states adopt common core initiatives -
NCLB Flexibility Waivers (efficiency)
Flexibility waivers become availabel for states that have not reached acheivement goals -
Sandy Hook Elementary Shooting (efficiency)
creates a gun regulations fire storm (pun intended) -
Teachers refuse to give high-stakes test (choice)
Seattle -
Teachers arm themselves (choice)
Clarkville, Arkansas teachers and staff allowed to carry guns to school each day.