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Common School Movement
To funds schools in every community with public dollars.
Movement begun by Horace Mann in New England.
Major goal is to provide a free education for white children. -
Freedman's Bureau
Provided food, shelter, medical services, clothing, and land to displaced Southerners, included newly freed African Americans.
Gave direct medical aid to more than one million slaves.
Started by the war department, General O.O.
Link: https://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/freedmens-bureau
Video: https://youtu.be/5B4cpiTYhWk -
Compulsory School Attendance Laws
Nebraska requires children from the ages seven to 16 to attend school. Children who graduate early or have completed eighth grade are required to work to support their families are exempt. -
American Federal of Teachers
Is a union of professionals that champions fairness; democracy; economic opportunity; and high-quality public education, healthcare and public services for the students, their families and the communities.
Members - pre-K through 12th-grade teachers; paraprofessionals and other school-related personnel; higher education faculty and professional staff; federal state and local government employees; and nurses and other healthcare professionals -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Delivered by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren, state-sanctioned segregation of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional.
Video: https://youtu.be/BTcQe4_aIpk -
National Defense Education Act
It established the legitimacy of federal funding of higher education and made substantial funding available for low-cost student loans, boosting public and private colleges and universities. Created by President Dwight D. Eisenhower Many students college education only because of the availability on NDEA loans, thanks to Sputnik and to Senator Hill's readiness to seize the moment. -
Head Start Program
launched as an eight-week summer program by the Office of Economic Opportunity.
Was designed to help break the cycle of poverty by providing preschool children of low-income families with a comprehensive program to meet their emotional, social, health, nutritional, and psychological needs.
Link: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2015/05/18/day-history-creation-head-start -
Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The EHA guaranteed a free, appropriate public education, or FAPE, to each child with a disability in every state.
Since 1975, 1.8 million children with disabilities prior to EHA implementation to providing more than 7.5 million children with disabilities with special education and related services designed to meet their individual needs in the 2018-19 school year.
Link: https://sites.ed.gov/idea/IDEA-History
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XMndYNEGFA -
Standards Movement
The vision of the standards-based education reform movement is that all teenagers will receive a meaningful high Schoo diploma that serves essentially as a public guarantee that they can read, write and do basic mathematics.
Link: https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2445/Standards-Movement-in-American-Education.html -
No Children Left Behind Act
U.S. federal law aimed at improving public primary and secondary schools, and thus student performance, via increased accountability for schools, school districts, and states. Focused on key groups:
student in poverty
students of color
students receiving special education services
those who speak and understand limited or no English Link: https://www.vox.com/2015/7/27/9045491/no-child-left-behind-accountability