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Every town of 50 families has to have elementary school. Every town of 100 families has to have Latin school.
Goal: to make sure Puritan children could read bible and information about their religion -
Two track educational system
Thomas Jefferson's way of letting a few "laboring class" children into the education system -
Townships created with a portion in each saved for schools
Survey of Northwest Territory called for townships which in turn each township had to reserve a portion for a school. -
Free schooling for poor children
Poor children got free education while the rich still had to pay. Pennsylvania State Constitution -
Lancasterian model is used in schools
One teacher taught bunches of students, and main focus was discipline and obedience that would help in the work place. -
Free public schooling
Petition presented in Boston. Schools main support from local merchants, businessmen, and wealthier artisans. Wage earners opposed because they didn't wanna pay taxes. -
First public high school opens
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Period: to
Industry owners need docile, obedient workers
Look to public schools to provide education. Agriculture declined so people had to look for work in the cities. city work was a total different ball game for people who had worked on a farm. -
All grades available to every student- free
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Southern states have laws against teching slaves to read
5% still became literate at great risk. -
Edmund Dwight thinks state board fo education is very important
offers to supplement state salary with money of his own. -
Many protestant children come into education system after fleeing from Ireland
Irish Catholics in New York fight to keep the education system as it is and not "force feed" their children and protestant education. -
First reform school opens in Westboro
Reform school for students who refuse to got to public school. -
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Gave US part of Mexico and also guarantees that Spanish would still be used in education -
Massachusettes passes first compulsatory education law
Children of poor immigrants get "civilized" and learn obedience and restraint like the other students -
"Kill the Indian to save the man"
Young Indians are taken to off-reservation boarding schools to be taught as "white men". Congress made it illegal to teach in the native American language. -
Period: to
African Americans push for education in south
Want free public education for their children also -
The Magic Lantern
Old version of slide projector. Projected images printed on glass plates -
Period: to
Lay foundation for legal segragation
Reconstruction ends in 1877. Whites regain full control over south. -
Chalkboard
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Period: to
School boards are downsized
This leaves immigrants underrepresented. Board changes from locals to professionals. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Separate but equal. Southern states now pass laws requiring racial segregation in public schools. -
Pencil
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Supreme Court requires California to offer education to Chineese immigrants
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Funding for vocational education
Manufacturers want to remove job skill training from apprenticeship programs and do it themselves -
The radio
Sparked a new kind of learning. On-air classes popped up all over -
Overhead Projector
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Intelligence testing is being used to place students
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Ballpoint pen
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G.I Bill of Rights
Provides working class men with college opportunities -
Headphones
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Video tapes
New and exciting way to learning -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Abolish segregation in schools as it was "inherently unequal". -
9 African American students are escorted into a white school by federal troops
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Photocopier
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Handheld Calculator
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Milliken v. Bradley
Effectively legally segregated students of color to inner-city districts and while students to wealthier suburban districts. -
First mass market consumer laptop (Toshiba)
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World Wide Web
British researcher developed Hyper Text Markup Language, better known as HTML -
Release of Restriction
National Science Foundation released restrictions on commercial use of the internet. -
Personal Digital Assistant
PDA's were released by Apple Computer Inc. -
Propostion 187 passes in California
Illegal for children of undocumented immigrants to attend public schools -
97% of classrooms had one or more computers
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93% of classrooms had internet accesss