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Brown vs Board of Education (1954)
http://www.lawnix.com/cases/brown-board-education.htmlMany colored students were looking to be admitted to public schools that both required and allowed segregation based on race. The argument made was that segregation was unconstitutional and under the fourteenth amendment. The fourteenth amendment states that it is prohibited to deny any person “life, liberty or property, without due process of law”, this stood for “all persons born or naturalized in the United States”. -
Mills vs Board of Education
In this case, the District of Columbia public schools were both refusing to enroll students and were expelling others based on their disabilities. This case consisted of children between the ages of 8-16 with a variety of mental and behavioral disabilities. The ruling was in favor of Mills, children with disabilities had equal right to public education that was meaningful the them. -
PARC vs Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972)
There was a state law that would allow public schools to deny services to children who had not mentally reach the age of five years at the time that they would usually enroll in first grade. In this case, the state agreed to provide full access to a free public education to children with mental retardation up to the age of 21. Along with this, there was also a “standard of appropriateness.” -
504 Plans
The 504 plan act was enforced in 1973 to prohibit the discrimination based on disabilities. Section 504 is an anti-discrimination of students with disabilities to meet their needs. Only some students can be qualified under the 504 plan. To be qualified the student must be from the age of 3 and 22 years old, depending on the program, as well as state and federal law, and must have a disability) [34 C.F.R. §104.3(k)(2)]. The section 504 includes any disability or long term illnesses. -
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973
The rehabilitation act is known as section 504, which was made into an act in 1973. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a national law that protects qualified individuals from discrimination based on their disability. The nondiscrimination requirements of the law apply to employers and organizations that receive financial assistance from any Federal department or agency, including the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). -
Education for Handicap Students
The education for all handicapped childrens act was made into a law by president gerald ford in 1975 which was an amendment of the education for all handicapped children act of 1974, this act was established by the ESEA which was the first to provide grants for children with special needs. This was known as a public law of 94-142 giving children the proper education and learning polices for the childern, the act was changed many times in the 1980s. -
Oldest Event in Special Education
This groundswell of grassroots advocacy led to the more recent history of special education in America, which commenced with Congressional approval of the "Education for All Handicapped Children Act" (Public Law 94-142) on November 29, 1975. This law was intended to support states and localities in "protecting the rights of, meeting the individual needs of, and improving the results for infants, toddlers, children and youths with disabilities and their families." -
Founding of American Disabilities Act (1990)
The ADA protects any employees with disabilities and it prohibits employers from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in job any aspects of the work place:Application procedures, hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, job training and other terms, conditions, and privileges of employmentThe criteria includes those who have a physical or mental impairment that limits major life activities; has a record of such an impairment; or regarded as having such an impairment. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of (1997)
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 were signed into law on June 4, 1997 signed by Bill Clinton.This Act strengthens academic expectations and accountability for the nation's 5.8 million children with disabilities and bridges the gap that has too often existed between what children with disabilities learn and what is required in regular curriculum -
No Child Left Behind
Students must be tested in reading and math in grades 3rd-8th and once again in high school. All students are to meet or exceed state standards by 2014. The major focus of "NCLB" is to close student acheivement gaps by providing fair and equal education to students. This gives them the opportunity to obtain a high-quality education. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA 2004)
There are approximately 6.7 million children and youth with disabilities in public schools across the United States. President George W. Bush on December 3, 2004. It became effective July 1, 2005 with the exception of elements relating to the highly qualified teacher.
