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Compulsory Education Laws Initiated
Laws required children to attend schools. This reduced the emphasis on child labor and provided new opportunities for children. These laws also effected parents since children now had gaps in their day after school, yielding the thought of having programs during this time frame (after-school programs). -
The Great Depression
Resulted in children going back into the workforce. Many extra-curricular activities were cut due to funding and availability of resources. Stressful times for families and children themselves. some children even quit school to work full-time. -
Child Labor Laws
Government realized the harsh conditions inhibited on children. Restricted the labor from children, which resulted in more free time for children. With this extra time, programs were being established to promote educational productivity. -
Women Fill the Workforce Gap
Due to WWII, women answered the call of entering the workforce full time. Took on many jobs that were associated with men. Women made a significant impact on American culture with their contributions. -
Rise in Inner City Neighborhoods
Populations in inner cities began to rise. Primarily due to these areas being cheaper and high birth rates/unprotected sex among adults and teens. Leads to high rates of crime and delinquency among children that was not properly combated. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was implemented to promote more educational opportunities to students, especially low income students. More resources and after school programs were being established and utilized during this act. This was geared towards at-risk youth who showed the most cause for concern. -
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"Latchkey Children"
The children received this term since they would typically wear a home key around their neck. These children were typically left alone to care for themselves due to parent(s) working. This caused concern over what these children were doing on their downtime and if this was the most fitting way to go about childcare/supervision. -
Supervision Gap Grows
Lack of full time supervision of children. Much assistance and access to resources was needed by many American families. The family structure in America also begins to change. -
Comprehensive Child Care Policy
Congress passed the bill, but was vetoed by Nixon. This policy had the potential to mediate issue with child care and A.S programs. Would have provided more resources and assistance to families, especially single mothers. -
Child Care and Development Block Grant Act
This grant aimed to resolve the issues of child-care and assisted mothers with these expenses. Millions was put into this program to provide programs for children. This was the first substantial federal funding for child care and school-age care to help families. -
1st National Before & After School Study
Study analyzed the characteristics and habits of students. Findings showed that adolescents needed much more care and education. They were currently not performing at their capacity and many were dealing with behavioral problems. -
Impact of Welfare Reform
Country wanted to decrease the dependency on welfare. Aimed to send recipients into the workforce, mainly women. This resulted with more children enrolled in day cares and caused a shortage of available spaces. More resources and programs were needed due to this. -
"Prime Time"
Studies realized that juveniles were committing many crimes and bad behavior around the time frame of 3:00-8:00 pm. This was attributed to the lack of adult monitoring and lack of programs for these kids. With little to no supervision, the adolescents engaged in mischief and violent behavior. -
21st Century Community Learning Centers
This was the first federally funded out of school program that was established. It sought to serve underrepresented and at-risk students in low-income neighborhoods. The goal was to direct these low performing students to enriching activities that could produce better behavior and school performance, especially during after school hours.. -
After-School Education and Safety Program Act
ASES was aimed to support local efforts to improve assistance to students and broaden the base of support for education in a safe, constructive environment. The program receives assistance and feedback from all members of the community to ensure the goals are adequate enough to both keep students safe and provide them with the support they need.