-
Sep 26, 1500
The effects of economic activity on the organization of the society and the territory
The economic development of a society resources and to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. From the 16th century to the present, the economy of Quebec has been characterized by the uneven development of its region, in particular with regard to resources development of its regions, in particular with regard to resource development and employment. Resources such as fish, beaver, timber and ore have contributed to the economic development of the territory. -
Sep 26, 1500
First occupants around 1500
For the first occupants, the types of production were all different according to different groups. The trading system and notion of ownership involved the barter system or the value of objects defined according to one’s needs. The trade network was between families, groups, and the various tribes. Their means of transportation were snow shoeing and canoes. The men were hunters, the women were farmers and the elderly watched after the children. -
French Regime
First of all, the whole economy was based on fur trade. The insufficiently dense population that the natives had required them to make alliances for hunting. They were always exploring and enlarging their territory to search for more and more furs. Therefore New France was constantly expanding. Quebec and Three Rivers were originally established as trading posts. -
Alliances and rivalries
As for the alliances and rivalries, the french had alliances with certain aboriginal groups and this meant that the Europeans were at times pulled into Native conflicts and vice versa for the Natives who were pulled into battles for European control of resources. -
Chartered companies
The influence of the system of chartered companies on the organization of society and territory created charted a company system based on privileges. It allowed the 100 associates to be the only ones with rights to the fur trade. It also gave them obligations like how they were supposed to administer and develop the colony.
As for the influence on the territory, the population was kept small and mostly male. They concentrating more on the fur trade rather than on populating the colony. -
Mercantilism
Mercantilism is a way of financial organization. European Countries thought it was essential to possess as much gold as possible. You would accomplish this by exporting more than you import. Take in natural resources from colonies you had control over and sell finished goods. -
New France
New France Started small but grew in size. It had a very small population and it's sole purpose was to export natural resource such as furs back to France. The 13 Colonies remained about the same the same size but the population went up like crazy. They now focused on diverse farming of tobacco, cotton and indigo, as well as fur trading. -
Agricultural activity
The influence of agricultural activity on the organization of society and territory was that there was subsistence agriculture. They were planting just enough to provide for their families. You would basically have to grow to survive in NF. Jean Talon tried to diversify the economy by creating the triangular trade but it failed. There was simply too much demand for the fur trade and not enough people with different skills to diversify -
British Regime
This was an economy mostly based on fur. The impact of the fur-trade economy on the organization of the society and the territory made things start their way. They got rid of mercantilism and the fur-trade economy passes into the hands of the English. There was also the creation of the North-West Company in 1783 after the American Revolution and merge with the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1821.
The fur trade was declined by the beginning of the 19th century. -
Timber
The impact of the timber economy on the organization of the society and the territory. The timber industry was huge since there was a blockade made by Napoleon in 1806 and there was rise in the demand for timber. The creation of the Bank of Montreal in 1817 was to allow people to invest and obtain credit. The new jobs created were lumberjack, loggers and sawmills.There was also an improvement and development of transportation such as canals, railroads and steamships. -
Economic policies
The trade with Britain was doing extremely well until Britain ended it’s preferential/protectionist treatment with Canada in order to explore new markets, they established Free Trade. Canada signed a Reciprocity treaty with the USA in 1854 that lasted 10 years. Canada can take their products back and forth. Canada benefits more because we have more clean water, and we’re not allowed to send it to them. -
Contemporary Period
There was am exploitation of resources by sector and by period such as agriculture, forest, mining, hydroelectricity, etc. Natural resources were exploited like ore, pulp & paper. The British go into the timber industry because they want to make the boats for the Navy, and because the timber source was blocked off. All this also led to the birth of Crown corporations which was a company owned by the government -
Industrial development
There were 2 phases of industrial development. The 1st phase lasted about 15 years and involved produced finished product. The rural exodus affected the first phase because there were no more jobs in the countryside, so they went to the city to work in factories.
The 2nd phase had to do with the extraction of natural ressources like ore, pulp and paper. After all that cam the war period which was from 1939 to 1945 followed by the post-war period which was from 1945 to 1970. -
Population Changes
The British Regime encouraged immigration with free land. The population of Qc & Canada rose 30-49% and the birth rate was still very high. People were moving more and more to urban centers because there were way more jobs especially in the USA. A lot of people left Qc to go to the US. The factories had really bad working conditions and people would sometimes form unions but it was looked down on. The companies also created a lot of pollution that affected the poor but not the rich too much. -
First faze of industrialization pt.2
Under the British regime, economically, new routes, travel routes. Lumber industry created more jobs. For dairy products, things that wouldn’t need refrigeration. More job opportunities in the city (factories), no jobs in the country. British regime source: wood. Factories created “finished products.” -
First Phase Industrialization in Quebec p.1
Factories worked on finished products. Rural exodus going on. They work 12-16 hours a day, and when they went home, their living conditions were chaotic. Factories come along, and they don’t need skilled craftsmen anymore. Power source = steam engine (first power source). Finished products: shoes, hats, furniture, leather products, etc. Source order: fish, fur, timber, wheat/dairy. Dairy represents this time period, as in the first phase of industrialization. -
The Great Depression
The great depression was caused by the stock market crash of 1929. Everyone was investing in business but no one had the money for it and everyone was going to get a loan. If they go bankrupt, the bank will still want their money back because the bank carries money from other people. In the late 20s, the banks wanted their money back but no one had the money they borrowed. The banks were going bankrupt and anyone who went to the bank to get their money but they couldn't since the bank was broke. -
Economic cycles
The phases of economic growth were the 1st and 2nd phase of industrialization, 1st World War, Roaring twenties, World War II and the Post-war period, Quiet revolution, positive effects of globalisation. Phases of recession were the economic crises: 1873-1879, 1929, The 30s, oil crisis of 1973, recession since the years 1980 and 1990, negative effects of globalization. Economic policies: The impact of economic policies on the organization of society and territory. -
Government Solutions to the great depression
They thought of public work projects to boost the economy but not many women participated. They made work camps for the people that were jobless and the gov. would give you food and a cabin if you worked and also payed you a little. They made food stamps and encouraged farming and they would loan the land for farming.
Finally, the start of WWII in 1939 led to a huge economic boost and the depression ended. -
Urban expansion
The impact of urban expansion on the organization of society and territory led to the development in the cities and the concentration of services like transportation, hospitals, education and infrastructures like aqueducts and sewers. There was also Development of suburbs because cities were overcrowded, as transportation improved, people moved to the suburbs which is the rural exodus. -
Workers demands
Unions. You didn’t like the conditions of the factories, and they had to deal with it. Workers had no say in anything. Workers realized they hold a lot of power, and if they all came together they can just say they won’t come, and the owners won’t have people to replace everyone. If the workers went on strike, the owner would lose a lot of money. With adding this law, working and living conditions improved. Negotiate laws to protect the people. -
Three Main Points of The Economic Cycles
The three main points were:
-Increase Custom Duties: Protect/Promote Canadian Industries by ensuring Canadians bought Canadian goods. Everything that’s made in Canada, he puts taxes on them every time it crosses the boarder.
-Build Railways: The Canadian Pacific Railway was to run coast to coast, unify people, increase trade. East Coast to West Coast (shipping of goods, and people)
-Encourage Immigration: Especially in Western Canada, bigger population = bigger market. Empty in Western Canada. -
The Quiet Revolution
The Quiet Revolution, also known as La Révolution Tranquille, began in Quebec in 1960 with the electoral defeat of the Union Nationale by Jean Lesage and his Liberal Party. It can be best described as a rapid and far-reaching process of social, economic, and political reform in Quebec from the early to the late 1960s.
