-
The Boer War
Dutch Settlers in South Africa (Boers) found gold on their territory
The British owned most of the territory except the Boer territory
Tension rose between them and the Beors declared war on Britian
Laurier was then asked to bring Troops to help them
He decided to send 7000 volunteers to become part of their army
He did this as a comprimise to 'try' to satisfy both the English and French Canadians. -
Battle of Ypres
This was the first battle that gas was used as a weapon
This was one of the first masjor battles for Canada
The germans held the high ground
The canadians managed to pull through the new weapon they were faced with, they made crude gas masks to help combat the gas
Although the Canadians lost 6000 men, they had be recognised as first-class troops -
Battle of the Somme
On the first day alone, the British suffered 60,000 casualties.
The battle of the somme was the battle that symbolized the horrors of WWI warfare.
The plan was to take some pressure off of Verdun to help the french
The battle started with a weeklong artillery bombarment
The British suffered 400,000 deaths, the French 200,000, and the Germans 500,000
This was the largest battle of WWI, as well as one of bloodiest battles in military history.
The battle was expensive but the germans did retreat. -
The Battle of Vimy Ridge
The battle was the biggest single allied advance on the Western front in that point in WWI
Of the 100,000 Canadians who fought, only 3,000 had died
The Battle was the allies effort to push the Germans out of France, which was their main defensive position
Months of preperation went into the planning for the battle
Using a creeping barrage, the Canadaisn captured most of the land the first day
The battle only lasted 4 days, and was a success for the allies -
The battle of Passchendaele
This battle was really just a waste as the land that was won back by the Germans shortly after
Most of the fighting happened in a sea of mud, where footing was hard and cover was nearly non-existent
This battle also marked the first time the Germans used mustard gas, which was very poisonous and effective
Nearly everyone thought the battle was a waste of time or was 'insane'
700 Canadians died and 1500 were wounded. -
Prohibition
Prohibition is the banning of alcoholic beverages
It took effect in nearly of the provinces during 1916
This law was introduced as a few small groups said the root of all societies evils comes from alcohol
Most of the people were against the law
Alot of crime and gangsters emerged from this law
Many of these people make huge profits, and the government eventually allowed this like the Chemist War to happen.
Nearly every province repealed the law during the late 20s -
The Persons Case
This case had to do with 5 women who went to the Supreme court of Canada asked if the word 'Persons' also included women.
When they went to the British Privy Council (the highest court in Canada at the time) they had answered 'Yes, why shouldnt it'.
This was a major success for Canada in paving the way for Women's Rights
This also lead to the first women to be appointed to Senate -
The Wallstreet Stockmarket Crash
This marked the beginning of the Great Depression
Even though this was in the Us, this affected the worlds economy
This day is also known as Black Tuesday
Over 16 million shares were traded that day, which was a record not beaten for 40 years
When stcok prices started to fall, people began to panic and sell their stocks, which led to a chain reaction which collapsed the stock market.
Part of this reason was due to everyone buying everything using credit, which put everyone in heavy debt. -
On-To-Ottawa Trek
The Trek was made by fed-up relief camp workers who felt that the government's camps were very ineffective.
They gathered alot of people that walked along side them as many felt the same way
The group never made it to Ottawa as they were Stopped in Regina by a Police riot.
Only one person was allowed to go through and when to talk to the PM, he didnt end up help them anyways -
The Japanese Internment
Nearly 21,000 japanese people were forced to evacuate their homes and be set into camps
When the Pearl habour attack happened, the government took it upon themselves to take away many of their rights and such as a 'precaution' to bend to the wishes of a suspicious public
Most of the were sent to old lumber camps, paid for by the sale of their homes
Even after the wars end in 1945, many werent allowed to return to their original homes
It was only in 1988 when Canada apologized to them -
The Dieppe Raid
The plan was to try to capture the german occupied port of Dieppe.
The attack was a failure for the Canadians as they had to force a retreat 5 hours later.
It wasnt a complete failure for the fact it gave important information on how to form a better attack, which would be D-Day.
Almost 60% of the men who made it ashore we either killed, wounded, or captured. -
D-Day (Battle of Normandy)
Was code named Operation Overlord
Was one of the largest seaborne assaults in history
Was such a success due to the failure at Dieppe, which helped the allies
This battle was called the beginning of the end of war in Europe
Was originally planned to be on June 5th, but was postponed due to bad weather
Even though the allies suffered heavy losses, it was considered a success due to them recapturing the shores of france
The battle was successful was due to a decoy set up to break up their forces -
The Battle of the Bulge
This was Germany's last major offensive attack before they retreated into Berlin
The germans knew trhey were losing so they thought they would split them up and try to force a peace treaty negotiation.
This battle caught the Allies by surprise and was a fairly costly battle for the US.
The weather heavily affected the battle, the forest was covered in dense fog, which meant allied bombers couldnt support, also snow fell over the forst, make the conditions worse for the allies. -
Richard Riot
The riot was named after Maurice Richard, the star hockey player for the Montreal Canadians.
This was due to his suspension by Clarence Campbell of the 1954-55 season
Many french-canadians were outraged and thought the suspensio was too severe.
When they saw the appearence of Campbell, this started a riot in the street, which ended up with over $100,000 in damages
This riot was more significant that just a sport-related riot, it also appeared to be a component of how the Quiet Revolution started -
Government Social Services
This period of time was when alot of change involving social Assistance propsered
Tommy Douglas was the main contributer that implemented alot of those programs
One of these was universal health care for Canadians.
Canada was also the first in North America to introduce single-payer healthcare
Some other programs helped disadvantged people, children, the elderly and the unemployed -
Cuban Missile Crisis
This was the closest the world has ever come to WWIII
Started when the USSR put Nuclear missile sites in Cuba
The US found out about these which led them to quarantine Cuba and ask the Soviets to remove them
The US also said if any of the missile were fired, they would declare war
After many days of negotiation, the Soveits decided to peacefully remove these sites, which averted WWIII -
Quiet Revolution
This was the period of rapid change in Quebec
This all started with the election of Jean Lesage, which promised to help and improve life for French-Canadians in Quebec
This period of change had been very good for both Canada and Quebec which improved many aspects such as a more modern school system.
Left thing alot more fair for the Frecnh-Canadians like having signs in French, allowing French-Canadians to own businesses and for schools to teach the French language. -
The 1972 Summit Series
It was a 8-game series between Canada and The Soviets
This game was very important as it was during the Cold War Era so it was a matter between Communism and Capitalism
Canada was heavily favoured to win, so people were outraged when the Russians were winning during the first 4 games in Canada.
The last game was the most intense as both Canada and Russia were tied, and who ever won took the series.
Paul Henderson scored the game winning goal Canada in each of the last 3 games. -
The Quebec Referendum
A referendum is a political question in which a general vote decides its outcome
This referendum focused on the question whether Quebec should remain a part of Canada or not
The vote ended up going for rejectig seperatism for Quebec.
This meant that Quebec stays a part of Canada
The vote was fairly close with it being 40% for yes, and 60% for no.
There was a few other votes after this one, all of which ended up rejected. -
1990 Government (No paticular Events)
Government introduces GST
Military Lifts Homosexual Ban
Brain Mulroney resigns a PM, replaced by Kim Campbell - first Canadian PM
Second Quebec Referendum held, no sides win
Toonie replaces 2 dollar bill
Canadian dollar falls to 69 American Cents
Nunavut is an official Territory, Iqaluit is the Capital
