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First chemical tests for urine
Scientists developed chemical tests to test urine, previously, "water tasters" would identify sugar in pee -
Early 1900s Diabetes
Diagnosed by urine sample to see sugar content
Daily alkaline sponge bath
Sugar of lead to restrict urine, or opium or creosote
diet of meat, no sugar at all
do not drink when you are thirsty -
First Use of Insulin
The first attempt with a 14 year old boy was successful-his pee and blood were cleared of sugar
Purified injections were tried a few months later and were successful
(insulin is short-acting and used 2 times/day)(insulin injections cause great pain, 5-18mL needed to be injected, insulin still unpure) -
Protamine Zinc Insulin Developed
Longest acting insulin produced, 1-4 hours to kick in -
1950 Diabetes treatment and diagnoses
Diagnoses: Urine sample, checking for symptoms such as lack of blood flow, clarity of eyes
Treatment: special diet with control of macromolecules-fat, protein, and carbs, limited alcohol
stabalizing blood sugars with insulin
Prognosis: nearly normal lifestlye with proper control of diabetes -
Lente Insulins
intermediate acting insulin
begins working 1.5 hours after it is injected
maximal effect between 4 and 8 hours
ends as long as 24 hours after injection. -
Human Insulin Produced
Scientists use recomninant DNA to create a bacteria that produces human insulin
Previously, insulin was extracted from cows and pigs(was effective-the insulin only differed by 3 amino acids) -
Modern Diabetes
Diagnoses: Urinalysis(mainly for ketone levels) and blood test for glucose
Treatment:insulin and fluids administered at time of diagnoses, monitoring of glucose, potassium, and electrolytes
daily insulin injections, restrictive diet
Prognosis: normal life, monitoring blood sugar urine microalbumin(blood protein)
