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Abbe de l'Epee
Abbe de L’Epee, a French Catholic priest, founded the first social & religious association for deaf people around 1750.
He is an educator of deaf children. He developed a system for spelling out French words with a manual alphabet & expressing whole concepts with simple signs.
Encyclopedia Britannica. 2022. Charles-Michel, abbé de l’ Epée | French educator. [online] Available at: <https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Michel-abbe-de-l- -
Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
Thomas Gallaudet learned the sign method of communication from the head of the French Royal Institute for the Deaf. He and Laurent Clerc established the American Asylum for Deaf-mutes at Hartford, Connecticut. For 50 years this school was the main training center for instructors of the deaf. Encyclopedia Britannica. 2022. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet | American educator. [online] Available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Thomas-Hopkins-Gallaudet -
The Connecticut Asylum
The Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons (now the American School for the Deaf) opens as the first permanent school for the deaf in the United States. Disabilitymuseum.org. 2022. disability history museum--Education: Essay: Disability History Museum. [online] Available at: https://www.disabilitymuseum.org/dhm/edu/essay.html?id=38 [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
National Association of the Deaf
The National Association of the Deaf is the nation’s premier civil rights organization of, by and for deaf and hard of hearing individuals in the United States of America. Established in 1880, the NAD was shaped by deaf leaders who believed in the right of the American deaf community to use sign language. Fsdbk12.org. 2022. [online] Available at: https://www.fsdbk12.org/pip-ehdi-directory/National-Association-of-the-Deaf [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
First Hearing Aid
Miller Reese Hutchison invents the first hearing aid called the akouphone. Deafhistory.eu. 2022. Deaf History - Europe - 1898: Invention of the electrical hearing aid. [online] Available at: https://deafhistory.eu/index.php/component/zoo/item/1898-invention-of-electrical-hearing-aids [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
Public Law 87-276
In 1961, the Teachers of the Deaf Act (PL 87-276) provided for training of teachers to work with the deaf or hard of hearing. [online] Available at: https://www.k12academics.com/special-education-united-states/history-special-education-us [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
Quigley and Frisina
Quigley and Frisina found that although a group of deaf children with hearing parents performed better on speech production than a group with deaf parents, the latter group outperformed the former measures on vocabulary knowledge. Spencer, P. (2015) It seems like only yesterday. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.013.1 -
Downs and Sterritt
Downs and Sterritt emphasized the importance of early hearing experience on later development. Spencer, P. (2015) It seems like only yesterday. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.013.1 -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (PL 89-10)
In 1965, the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (PL 89-10) granted funds to states to help educate children with disabilities. Social Welfare History Project. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. [online] Available at: https://socialwelfare.library.vcu.edu/programs/education/elementary-and-secondary-education-act-of-1965/ [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
Vernon and Koh
Vernon and Koh reported advantages in language and literacy skills for deaf children with deaf compared to those with hearing parents, suggesting an advantage from early sign language experience. Spencer, P. (2015) It seems like only yesterday. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.013.1 -
Sound and Sign: Childhood Deafness and Mental Health
The book Sound and Sign: Childhood Deafness and Mental Health emphasized both the influence of early parent-child interactions and of age-appropriate language skills on the overall development - social-emotional as well as cognitive and linguistic in deaf and hard of hearing children. Spencer, P. (2015) It seems like only yesterday. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.013.1 -
SEE-1 & SEE-2
The first manual English System (SEE-I) was developed by David Anthony, a deaf teacher, with input from other deaf educators as well as parents of deaf children. The team then developed SEE-II. SEE-II was developed to give DHH children the potential to English as their typically hearing peers. SEE-II matches visual signs with the structure of English. Spencer, P. (2015) It seems like only yesterday. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.013.1 -
Roger Brown
Roger Brown and his colleagues began their work identifying the stages and ages of language acquisition in young hearing children. Spencer, P. (2015) It seems like only yesterday. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Language. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190241414.013.1 -
ASHA Committee on Rehabilitative Audiology
The ASHA Committee on Rehabilitative Audiology (ASHA, 1980, 1984) prepared a set of minimal competencies for clinicians who provide aural rehabilitation services. Asha.org. Knowledge and Skills Required for the Practice of Audiologic/Aural Rehabilitation. [online] Available at: https://www.asha.org/policy/ks2001-00216/ [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
First Fully Digital Hearing Aid
The Nicolet Corporation brings the first commercial digital hearing aid to market. Levitt, H. (2007). Digital hearing aids: wheelbarrows to ear inserts. The ASHA Leader. https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR4.12172007.28 -
Americans with Disabilities Act
The ADA story began in the United States when people with disabilities began to challenge societal barriers that excluded them from their communities, and when parents of children with disabilities began to fight against the exclusion and segregation of their children. Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund. The History of ADA. [online] Available at: https://dredf.org/about-us/publications/the-history-of-the-ada/ [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
IDEA
The Education for all Handicapped Children’s Act became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. President Clinton reauthorized IDEA providing all students with access to the same curriculum. KU SOE. Timeline of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). [online] Available at: https://educationonline.ku.edu/community/idea-timeline [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening
Marion Downs, "mother of pediatric audiology", fostered the first hospital based infant hearing screening program using Behavioral Observation Audiometry. Eye-blink and/or startle responses were recorded after presentation of narrow-band and white noise stimulation. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=098PUs2WxGg En.wikipedia.org,Universal neonatal hearing screening - Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_neonatal_hearing_screening [Accessed 28 January 2022]. -
Joint Committee on Infant Hearing
A recent position statement included to assure that all infants are identified as early as possible. This includes that necessary intervention is initiated no later than 3-6 months of age. Below is a great journal to read to keep up to date on early hearing detection and intervention The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing. (2019). Year 2019 Position Statement: Principles and guidelines for early hearing detection and intervention programs. The Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention -
High Tech Hearing Devices
Improvements in technology merge high tech earbuds and hearing aids. Foundation, H. and Foundation, H.,. Hearing Aid History: Ear Trumpets, European Royalty, & Earbuds — Hearing Health Foundation. [online] Hearing Health Foundation. Available at: https://hearinghealthfoundation.org/blogs/hearing-aid-history-ear-trumpets-european-royalty-earbuds [Accessed 28 January 2022].