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Period: 500 to May 1, 1400
Medieval Period
-The church saw dance as a pagan activity.
-Dance was banned unless it glorified the church.
-The Dance of Death emerged during the time of the Black Plaque.
-In Islamic islands dance was done for rituals and entertainment. -
Period: May 1, 1200 to
Renaissance Period
-A renewed interest in the arts developed.
-Dance became more about the individual artist.
-Court ballet flourished and folk dancing remained popular with the working class.
-Ballet emerged as a professional art form. -
Jazz
-Slaves were brought to America -
18th Century Ballet
-The meaning or messsage that movement depicted was the most important element of dance.
-There was rivalries between leading female dancers. -
Jazz
-Musical theater was found in England, France, and Germany -
19th Century Ballet
-"Romantic" ballet was performed
-Mythical characters and places were used, which created wonder and excitement for audiences
-The plot was centered on a love triangle, the dramatic action of characters was very emotional
-During the 1860s dancer's shoes were reinforce to facilitate rising onto the tips of their toes
-In the late 1800s, "classical" ballet emerged
-Aerial work, pointe work, turns and leg beats all increased
-The "tutu" was discovered -
Modern
-Modern Dance began. -
Modern: Isadora Duncan
-Isadora Duncan was the mother of Modern Dance. Her movements were inspired by nature and Greek statues/art -
Modern: Ruth St. Dennis & Ted Shawn
-Ruth St. Dennis & Tedd Shawn were married and formed a school called Denishawn -
Modern: Pioneers
-Martha Graham, Doris Humphrey, & Charles Weidman were the pioneers of modern dance -
Modern: Martha Graham
-Graham developed "contracting" and "releasing." She was the 1st pioneer to codify her movements. She created excercises that reinforce those steps & moves -
Ballet: Michel Fokine
- "Contemporary" ballet evolved in Russia due to choreographer Michel Fokine.
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Jazz: Bo Jangles
-Bo Jangles became a tap dance legend -
Modern: Jose Limon
- Jose Limon used the techniques of balance, speed, and control.
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Jazz
-Jazz music emerged. It was a combination of Ragtime and Blues -
Hip Hop: Snake Hips
-Earl Tucker ("Snake Hips") was a performer at Cotton Club during the days of Duke Ellington. Waving, floats and back slides were popular. -
Period: to
Jazz
-The Harlem Renaissance was a significant time period.
-Charleston and Black Bottom were exclusive clubs were many dances were performed. -
Modern: Humphrey and Weidman
-Humphrey & Weidmand developed "fall and recovery" -
Modern: Erick Hawkins
Erick Hawkins used ease and free flow of movement. -
Jazz: Seymour Felix
-Seymour Felix introduced musical theatre. -
Jazz: Busby Berkely
-Busby Berkely was a film director and choreographer. -
Jazz: Fred Astaire
-Fred Astaire added easygoing suaveness to highly rythmitic footwork and perfect musicality. -
Hip Hop: Tom the Great
-Thomas Wong ("Tom the Great") began using a booming sound system and American records. -
Ballet: George Balanchine
[Balanchine's training lay in the tradition of the great Russian ballet; he entered the Imperial School of Ballet in St. Petersburg at age 10 and graduated at 17. Also a student at the Petrograd Conservatory of Music during this time, he studied piano and composition](www.nycballet.com/company/history.html?TierSlicer1_TSMenuTargetID=360&TierSlicer1_TSMenuTargetType=4&TierSlicer1_TSMenuID=350)[George Balanchine, regarded as the foremost contemporary choreographer in the world of ballet, came to the United States in late 1933 following an early career throughout Europe](www.nycballet.com/company/history/balanchine.html)[George Balanchin, was one of the 20th century's most famous choreographers, a developer of ballet in the United States and the co-founder and balletmaster of New York City Ballet. He was a choreographer known for his musicality; he expressed music with dance and worked extensively with Igor Stravinsky. Thirty-nine of his more than four hundred ballets were choreographed to music by Stravinsky](en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Balanchine)-George Balanchine: He was a student of the Russian Imparial School of Ballet. He was also a co-founder of School of American Ballet, and since 1948, he was the artistic director for the New York City Ballet -
Hip Hop
-Competitions between major Djs in Jamaica leads to "sound clash" -
Jazz: Eleanor Powell
-Eleanor Powell created tap style that included acrobatic moves, balletic rythm, and rapid turns. -
Modern
-Post modern dance began. -
Jazz: Ginger Rogers
-Ginger Rogers developed smooth and elegant dance combined with tap and ballroom dancing. -
Jazz: Bob Fosse
Robert Louis “Bob” Fosse (June 23, 1927 – September 23, 1987) was an American actor, dancer, musical theater choreographer, director, screenwriter, film editor and film director.[Possessed of both unbridled energy and tremendous artistic gifts, Fosse was one of this century's great choreographers. Though he forged his craft on the Broadway stage and on film, he was as much an artist as Nijinsky, Balanchine, or DeMille.](www.fosse.com/features/fosse_an_introduction.html)<a href='www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/fosse_b.html' >Director-choreographer Bob Fosse forever changed the -Bob Fosse won 8 Tony awards for broadway choreography -
Jazz: Gene Kelly
-Gene Kelly distinguished himself by performing tap and jazz styles -
Modern: Merce Cunningham
[Announced prior to Merce Cunningham’s passing on July 26, 2009, the Legacy Plan was conceived to delineate the future of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company (MCDC) and the Cunningham Dance Foundation (CDF), and to ensure the ongoing celebration and preservation of his lifetime of creative achievement, according to his wishes.](www.merce.org/p/)[Mercier "Merce" Philip Cunningham was an American dancer and choreographer who was at the forefront of the American avant-garde for more than 50 years. Throughout much of his life, Cunningham was considered one of the greatest creative forces in American dance.](en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merce_Cunningham)[MERCE CUNNINGHAM DANCE COMPANY has had a profound impact on American art and the avant-garde since its founding in 1953. Guided by Merce Cunningham’s radical approach to space, time, and technology, the Company forged a distinctive style, reflecting Cunningham’s technique and illuminating the near limitless possibility for human movement. For more than fifty years, MCDC collaborated with groundbreaking artists from all disciplines, redefining the way audiences experience the visual and performing arts.](www.merce.org/company/index.php)-Merce Cunningham was the first choreographer to emerge from traditional modern dance.He used the concept of "movement for movement's sake" and "chance" -
Hip Hop: Kool Herc
[Unsurprisingly, many have laid claims to roles as kings or kingmakers of the hip hop tradition. Most students, however, find one name cropping up time and again. To all intents and purposes, hip hop started the day Jamaican-born Clive Campbell, aka Kool Herc, first set foot in New York in 1967.](http:///www.globaldarkness.com/articles/kool_herc_thestory.htm)[Herc became aware that although he new which records would keep the crowd moving, he was more interested in the break section of the song. At this point in a song, the vocals would stop and the beat would just ride for short period. His desire to capture this moment for a longer period of time would be a very important one for hip hop.](http://www.oldschoolhiphop.com/artists/deejays/kooldjherc.htm)[Clive Campbell (born April 16, 1955), also known as Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited with originating hip hop music, in The Bronx, New York City. His playing of hard funk records of the sort typified by James Brown was an alternative both to the violent gang culture of the Bronx and to the nascent popularity of disco in the 1970s.](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DJ_Kool_Herc)Clive Campbell ("DJ Kool Herc") was born in Kingston, Jamaica. He would eventually be known as the father of hip hop culture. -
Post Modern
-Post Modern choreographers wanted to reduce modern dance to its simplest form and examine what they thought dance really was. -
Jazz
-Television provided the public with images of jazz dance. -
Hip Hop: James Brown
- James Brown records "Live at the Apollo (album)" that features new drum sound, "Break Beat'.
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Post Modern: Alvin Ailey
-Alvin Ailey was a choreographer that was concerned with making dances that entertained. -
Hip Hop: Dj Kool Herc
-Kool Herc migrates to the Bronx at age 12. He attended Alfred E. High School and would later become a writer.
-"Rubber Band" brought the dance "Rockn" or "The Rock" to NYC discos. It became a popular dance, where fierce competitions took place in the Bronx, Manhattan, and Brooklyn -
Hip Hop: Don Campbellock
-Don Campbellock accidently creates a ance called campbellocking, which features in Soul Train -
Hip Hop: Soul Train
-Soul Train takes off on TV -
Hip Hop
-Young dancers would hit parties that Kool Herc was playing at; he layed the foundation for hip hop dance/B-Boys -
Hip Hop: Micheal Jackson
-Micheal Jackson does his famous robot to "Dancing Machine" -
Hip Hop
Both Movies "Beat Street" and "Breakin" wew released and major tours began all over the world. In France, the movie tours for Beat Street and Breakin clashed -
Hip Hop: B-Boys
-Goups of B-Boys and Boogies Boys hold down breaking in the streets of NYC by "hitting" in many locations for money. -
Period: to 200
Ancient Period
-Aesthetic of dance was more developed
-Movements represented certain themes
-Height of Ancient Period was the Greek Period, it was a quest for art and beauty was the priority
-Dances combined movement, music and poetry and were often participatory
-Greek dances were developed out of religious rituals
-Dance was often found in popular Greek Theater
-Dances of India were religious
- Evidence of dance in China dates back to 200 AD.Dances of eighth-century China influenced all the following dances -
Primitive Period
-Dance is used as means of communication.
-Dance rituals were done to worship and appease the gods and done at special occasions.
-Many dances focused on fertility -
Dance Today
-There are no rules and regulations. Dancers have an underlying freedom to dance in whatever way they wish.
