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Nov 22, 1500
Aboriginal Spirituality
Aboriginals were animists. Seen in a separate slide...
They wanted to please the bad spirits so they wouldn't mess with their daily lives. They gave offerings to them such as tobacco and praying. Communicate with spirit. Algonquians and iroquois saw tobacco smoke as a means of making contact with spirits
For all aboriginal peoples dreaming was a way that spirits could show themselves. They though of it as their ancestors warning them of future peril or success. -
Nov 22, 1500
Animism
The reaccuring belief of the Amerindian people of america. They believed that all things living or not had a soul that was immortal and that lived passed death. Because of this belief , the aboriginal people gained a great respect to nature and prayed thankfully to the spirit of an object or resource if they were in need of it. -
Nov 22, 1500
Shamans(Shamanism)
Shamans are the middleman between the people and the spirits. They were also a witch doctor, They interpreted dreams of Amerindians. Shamanism is the belief that Shamans are indeed links between the spirits and the people and that they are very wise. -
Nov 22, 1500
Communications and Exchange
-Oral traditions
Since there wasn't any written languages in the amerindian community so they passed all traditions and history from generation to generation orally
-Song and dance
Wether it is a song to ward away evil spirits or a dance to commemorate a good and lucky year, Songs and dances have been a staple in the Amerindian culture.
-Ceremonies and feast.
Ceremonies and feasts are usually used to create alliances -
Nov 22, 1500
Social relationships of amerindians
Respect of elders. The Amerindians have immense respect for their elders for they are the wisest and oldest of them all meaning that they know more. Traditions Traditions are extremely important to Amerindians. So much so that they have kept it around for years
Freedom of actions - no written laws or private property
There is no ownership in the Amerindian lands. No one owns anything. Everything is shared or used. The lands don't belong to a single tribe since it belongs to nature. -
Culture consequences of the encounter with the europeans
The Europeans brought them tools and utensils made of iron,steel and brass. From this time, these objects gradually became integrated into aboriginal material culture for example brass pots which were more durable than pottery eventually changed everyday food preparation.Following their encounters with the Europeans groups adopted the wearing of wool and cotton into their clothing,As for food sedentary aboriginal peoples slowly introduced new vegetables which had been known to the Europeans -
Culture consequences of the encounter with the europeans. Part 2
In addition Europeans imported domestic animals providing meat without hunting.Before the arrival of the Europeans , aboriginal peoples waged war with bows, knives and clubs. Rifles contributed to making aboriginal wars more deadly. However, it was ,more specifically epidemics resulting from the encounter with the Europeans that were at the basis of decimation of the aboriginal population.New tools are given to Amerindians and they become integrated into their lives such as clothes and weapons -
Absolutism in the french regime
Political ideology, where by the ruler was said to receive his or her power from god and was god’s representative on earth.
Before 1663 royal absolutism was manifested mostly through the control the king exerted over the chartered companies to which he granted exploitation monopolies. These companies had to answer to the king who had the power to dissolve them. The extent of the powers of the governor and the intendant who were appointed by the king were also indicative of royal absolutism -
Everyday practices of the french colonists
The colonists adapted to a Canadian style including winter coat fitted with a hood and fastened at the waist with a belt. Shoes and clogs were not used in favor of moccasins. The colonists fixed moccasins by waterproofing them. Finally,most colonists wore hats with flaps which could cover ears
The colonists also adopted aboriginal means of travel such as snow shoes, sleds, canoes.they introduced native products like squash , corn and maple syrop, to their diets.They also utilised tobacco -
Catholic church and aboriginal missions
Representatives of the catholic church (missionaries or Jesuits) were present from the beginning of the colonization, They came to convert aboriginal peoples to the Catholic faith, to instruct the population and to make New France a Catholic society. -
The Church
The church was very influential. If you did not obey they would excommunicate you. Priests oversaw parishes and worked as missionaries while nuns worked in hospitals and schools. There was no work on Sundays because all were expected to go to church. The Catholicism was the central of most peoples lives since they were extremely religious. The church gained money through a tax called the tithe. -
The parish framework
At the heart of the parish was the priest, the direct representative of the church for the colonists. The priest had to carefully watch to see that the instructions of the church were respected. For example, the church forbade colonists from working on Sundays and certain religious holidays. The colonists also required to receive communion at least once a year. -
Conciliation and collaboration from 1760 to 1840
The catholic church had benefited from privileges under the french but now British authorities had to modify their policies to suit the colonies reality
The objective of the royal proclamation and instructions sent by the king in 1763 to governor Murray was to make the Canadians British colonists and therefore anglophones.
British government had to make concessions in order to secure loyalty.
Catholic clergy and Canadian nobility capable of influencing and exerting some authority over the people -
Imperialism
an ideology that advocates the political cultural , economic and or military domination exerted by the mother country on the colony. -
Conciliation and collaboration from 1760 to 1800. Part 2
To this end the new leaders decided to only partially implement the royal proclamation and allowed for the bishop to be appointed in quebec city in 1766
This appointement made the ordination of priests in the colony possible from then onward and ensured the catholic churches survival
Between 1774 and 1776 ( american revolution) the church threated the population of quebec with excommunication if they helped the americans -
Liberalism in Colonies
In great Britain liberalism was the origin of the constitutional monarchy and parliament. That is to say the limitation of the monarchy power and parliament responsible for representing the people.
The following fundamental individual rights were guaranteed by law
Sharing of power between the monarch and the people
The right to be represented in parliament
Habeus corpus which grants British subjects the right not to be detained without due process
Freedom of expression and freedom of the press -
The british merchants demands
These merchants noticed the french laws were still in effect i the colony which did not allow for a political representation of the people. These colonists like those in the 13 colonies demanded the opportunity to enjoy the same rights as British subjects in the mother country -
Liberalism in colonies 2
The british merchants wanted their fundamental rights to be respected. However they would deny these rights to the Canadians because they were not protestants In great Britain Catholics did not have the right to the represented in parliament unless they renounced their religions and took the test oath
To the British merchants the adoption of the Quebec act in 1774 was an insult not only had only -
Demands of the Canadian professionals and merchants
The end of the 18th century the expression of liberalism among the population was connected to growth of liberal professions. These professionals were joined by some Canadians in the 1770s and 1780s, demanded through petition the establishment of a legislative
The Quebec mercury, a conservative English language paper started in 1805 defended the interest of the British merchants, The paper encouraged the fusion of the two Canadas to make french the minority as well as end french civil law -
Ultramontanism and Anticlericlism
A political and religious doctrine where the Catholic Church dominates in every way, including political power. Opinion that the clergy shouldn’t meddle in political life, or censor cultural and intellectual life. Opposed to Ultramontanism. -
Nationalism
Identifies a nation as a group sharing common characteristics and refers to an individual’s sense of belonging to a nation. French Canadians viewed themselves as nationalists and that a french Canada is the only Canada that should exist -
Transformation of nationalism and liberalism
The 1837-1838 uprisings and the subsequence passing of the act of union in 1840 enabled the church to increase its influence over colonial society. The heightened presence and influence of the church promoted expression of ultramontanism which led to the transformation of nationalism and liberalism -
Capitalism
Economic system in which private companies run the economy. It benefits the rich and the poor people stay poor. It appeared during the industrial era when private companies would gain most of the profit and giving very little to the workers therefore becoming richer while the workers became deeper and deeper in poverty. -
Reformism
Encourages social change that fights poverty and other consequences of industrialization. Reformism was the basic effect of people wanting to fight back against capitalism and poverty in the industrial era. Fighting to gain better living conditions, higher salaries and safer work enviroments -
Liberalism
An ideology that advocates the political, cultural, economic and/or military dominated exerted by the Mother Country on the colony
