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1500
First occupants - The influence of ideas on cultural expression
-Expression of ideas.
-spirituality: Shamanism, myths, legends and dreamcatchers.
-Social relationships: respect for elders, traditions, freedom of actions.
-Nature: Animism, circle of life.
-Communication and exchange: oral traditions, song and dance, ceremonies; -
Period: 1500 to
Culture And Current Thoughts
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The divine right of kings
-Absolute power of the king.
-King Louis 14th was most important.
-New France was still suffering.
-A well trained regiment of soldiers were dispatched.
-Royal government was created.
-The Kings oversees cultural events.
-The King exercises control over the Church. -
Influence of the church: Catholicism
-The church was very powerful.
-The clergy was everywhere: Priests in charge of parishes, Nuns working in schools, Priests working as missionaries...
- Church plays a key role in defining morally acceptable behavior.
-The Church spreads its ideas by controlling education in the colony.
-Artistic productions tends to be impressions of religion. -
Life in New France
-Settlers were happy but had a lot of work to be done.
-Since, New France was not really developing settlers became self-dependent.
-There was very rich, but also massive numbers of poor/starving people.
-Had different levels in society: nobility, bourgeoisie and peasants.
-The people became the Canadians. -
Liberalism
-It's a political or social philosophy allowing the freedom of the individual, parliamentary systems, social relations...
-Diffusion of liberal ideas by means of newspapers.
-Reflection of liberal ideas in architecture.
-People allowed/try to be who they wanted to be, but still under certain rules. -
Ultramontanism
-It's the policy of the party in the Roman Catholic Church that favors the increase of power and authority of the pope.
-Advocating of absolute obedience to the Catholic religion.
-The church seeks to increase and extend its influence in all spheres of life.
-It gave all power to church. -
Anticlericalism:
-It opposed to the influence and activities of the clergy or the church in secular or public affairs.
-The opposite of ultramontanism.
-Advocating of the separation of church and state.
-Promotion of a more democratic regime.
-The church is only in church for religion, nothing like education. -
Imperialism
-It's the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies.
-It had architectural influence.
-Parliamentary political organisation.
-100% loyal to the mother country. -
Influence of Church
-The bishops became more and more powerful.
-Church was still in charge of registering births, marriages, deaths.
-Controlled education.
-Orphanages, Shelters, Charities, Religious festivals.
-Ministers were still influential but not as powerful as R.C. -
How the Government Functions
-Constitutional Monarchy
-Parliamentary Democracy
-Three levels of Government: Federal, Provincial, and municipal.
-Executive: Makes decisions about administration, power held by cabinet.
-Legislative: Makes laws, and imposes taxes.
-Judicial: Ensures laws are applied, Judges are appointed by the cabinet for life.
-Federal system -
Capitalism
-It is an economic system in which investment and ownership of the means of production is maintained by private individuals or corporations.
-Especially owned by wealthy.
-Construction of buildings by capitalists.
-Diffusion of capitalist idea.
-Appearance of literary works that depict economic disparities. -
Socialism
-It's a system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership of the means of production.
-The community has a say in what's going on.
-Questioning the spread of capitalism through labor movements, student movements and in independent magazines. -
Agriculturalism
-It's the push to support farming.
-Creation of community groups such as Le Cercle des fermières and spread of their ideas in a magazine. -
Nationalism
-It is the devotion to one's own nation and its interests over those of all other nations.
-Loyal to homeland.
-In Canada some people wanted to follow Britain some did not. -
French-Canadian Nationalism
-French Canadians.
-They did not want to support Britain.
- They wanted to protect French interests such as language and education.
-Views were spread via newspapers. -
English-Canadian Nationalism
-English Canadians.
-Liked the English way.
-Followed Britain's ways.
-They wanted Canada to operate independently. -
Feminism
-It's the idea of women having more rights and are equal to men.
-Before, women had a hard life: many children, did what their husbands commanded, little education and few rights.
-Women became nuns to avoid this life.
-Once WW1 hit women went to work as nurses and in factories to replace the men.
-During the war they were also able to vote on their husbands behalf.
-They later, obtained the right to vote in Federal election.
-After WW2 many more things opened up.
-Birth control was created. -
Neo-nationalism
-New wave of liberalism.
-They did not want the government to run their lives.
-This idea was spread by the artists such as Gilles Vigneault and Félix Leclerc. -
Laicism
-It's the non clerical control of political and social institutions in a society.
-Did not want the church to control everything like education and politics.
-The Church doesn't get as much power. -
Cooperatism
-Co ops.
-It's the birth of different groups who favored equality and collaboration.
-Everyone would be equal.
-Guaranteed protection and profit.
-Mainly agriculture. -
Fascism
-Its the idea that a dictator should control the entire country.
-They normally rule through the use of propaganda.
-This was adopted in Spain and Italy.
-It was brought to an extreme in Germany by Adolf Hitler. -
Americanism
-Emergence of American cultural trends such as dance, music and films. (spreading american culture)
-To counter American influences, the church spread traditional Catholic culture through music, media and education.
-Influence of American culture through the media. -
Neoliberalism
-New wave of liberalism, hands off government.
-Advocating the removal of the state in various spheres of society.
-Active opposition groups wanting to maintain intervention of the state. -
Aboriginalism
-Natives lived in terrible conditions.
-They wanted to claim for ancestral rights.
-They also wanted to claim recognition of aboriginal identity through tradition culture. -
Native Issues
-Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka because a golf course wanted to expand on native territory.
-The Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation.
-The Oka crisis lasted 78 days.
-It ended without armed conflict.
-The Charlottetown Accord was created to deal with these issues. (But it did not pass)
