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638
Arab Muslims conquered the Holy Land
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1077
Muslim Seljuk Turks took control of the Holy Land .
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1095
Pope Urban II promised the knights of Europe forgiveness of their sins if they went on a Crusade.
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1099
the Franks, captured Jerusalem
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1139
St Bernard of Clairvaux wrote, ‘Of mighty soldier, oh man of war, you now have something to fight for. If you win it will be glorious. If you die fighting for Jerusalem, you will win a place in heaven.’