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The Crusades

By mguyette13
  • Period: Feb 4, 1000 to Feb 4, 1400

    Reconquista

    The Reconquista of the Iberian Peninsula was a very long fought battle for the expulsion of Islam and the renewal of Christianity in the area. In 718 when the Muslims took over, small Christian states survived in Northern Spain and over the years consolidated enough power to begin to push Islam out of the Iberian peninsula. They succeeded in purging almost the whole areaby 1300, but failed in recapturing Grenada untill 1492 when they finally succeeded.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1095 to Jan 1, 1096

    The Failed Crusade

    After Pope Urban II launched the crusades in 1095, a dedicated preacher called Peter the Hermit began moving through the land gahtering support for the fighting. he traveled through France Germany and the Low countries compiling a ragtag army of peasants and the occasional knight- even accepting women. Although the ethusiasm for the cause was there, the ability and military discipline was not. They either died in battle or were enslaved. This shows the social connectivity of the crusades.
  • Period: Dec 1, 1096 to Jan 31, 1099

    The FIRST Crusade

    The first well organized crusade began in late 1096, when the armies began the journey to Palestine. In the years to follow, namely 1097 and 1098 the armies captured Edessa, Antinoch, and other sites that would allow them to successfully complete their first crusade. In 1099 Jerusalem fell to the crusaders, which allowed them to extend their conquests and split the lands into many different Christain territories. This shows political ability as well as enabled economic growth.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1145 to Jan 1, 1149

    The Second Crusade

    The Second Crusade was launched in 1145 by Pope Eugene III in response to the fall of the County of Edessa. It was the first crusade led by European kings: Louis VII and Conrad III. Once on the road the European armies were swiftly defeated by Turks. This showed the growing political unity of the Muslim foe to prevent the purging their religion. They attempted an attack on Damascus but that ended up being a great victory for the Muslims. The only victory was the expultion of Moors from Lisbon.
  • Jan 1, 1187

    The Recapture of Jerusalem by the Muslims

    When the armies of the first crusade captred Jerusalem in 1099, the Muslim adversaries were in a state of disarray. Many different ethnicities, although all practitioners of Islam, where at odd and not prepared. After the first crusade left thier mark - Christian territories- the Muslim people began to get their stuff together, and after a lot of work reclaimed Jerusalem. Because of the crusades, the many conflicting people of the Muslim religion were brough together against a common enemy.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1189 to Jan 1, 1192

    The Third Crusade

    The Third Crusade, also known as the Kings' Crusade was launched in 1189 in attempt to reclaim the Holy Lands from Saladin. Saladin was the Sultan of Egypt and the leader of the Ayyubid dynasty, and greatly encouraged the quarelling Muslim peoples to take up arms, reduce the Christian States, and take back Jerusalem. This crusade was actually quite successful, taking back many lands claimed by Saladin but failed to retake Jerusalem which was a dinstinctive loss in the minds of the crusaders.
  • Period: Jan 31, 1202 to Jan 31, 1204

    The Fourth Crusade

    This crusade was an odd one. The armies were drawn quite off course from Palestine and defeating the Muslims and instead ended up in Constantinople. The armies attacked the citiy violently until they finally captured it and set up a Roman Catholic regime. This regime was present until 1261, but Byzantium never fully recovered from the attack. It slowly and painfully declined until 1453 when the Ottoman Turks sacked it.
  • Jan 1, 1212

    Childrens' Crusade

    This unofficial crusade occurring in 1212 was an odd one. It is said that a boy in Europe began preaching that Jesus had visited him, telling him to gather people to go to Jerusalem and help peacefully convert Muslim people to Christianity. He is believed to have led as many as 30,000 children to the Mediterranean sea, claiming it would part and allow them passage to Jerusalem. It did not and many of the children were picked up by merchant boats and never seen again.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1213 to Jan 1, 1221

    The Fifth Crusade

    The Fifth Crusade was launched in 1213 in a final attempt to reclaim Jerusalem by first conquering the Ayyubid dynasty, whihc was quite powerful and well-connected. The crusade began with many military victories for the crusaders, being many in number and strong in will. By 1221 the army was forced to retreat due to lack of supplies and was attacked at night by Sultan Al-Kamil which resulted in major crusader losses and their surrender. This led to the negotiation of an 8 year peace treaty.
  • Period: Jan 1, 1337 to Jan 1, 1453

    Hundred Years' War

    Hundred Years' War was not a part of the Crusades. It was however, a distinct point in the development and influnce of Europe. The war started between the french and Enlgish Kings in 1337 over control of the French Throne. Because England ruled over land in Frech territory, they had to pay hommage to France. When King Edward III refused to pay this, King Philip VI confiscated this land. This caused Edward III to claim rightful ownership of the French throne through lineage. War ensued.