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2500 BCE
La tablilla Plimpton=Plimpton 322
is a Babylonian clay tablet, notable as containing an example of Babylonian mathematics. It has number 322 in the G.A. Plimpton Collection at Columbia University.This tablet, believed to have been written about 1800 BC, has a table of four columns and 15 rows of numbers in the cuneiform script of the period.This table lists two of the three numbers in what are now called Pythagorean triples, i.e., integers a, b, and c satisfying a2 + b2 = c2. -
2000 BCE
Ábaco=The abacus
is a calculating tool that was in use in Europe, China and Russia, centuries before the adoption of the written Hindu–Arabic numeral system.The exact origin of the abacus is still unknown. Today, abacuses are often constructed as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires, but originally they were beans or stones moved in grooves in sand or on tablets of wood, stone, or metal. -
500 BCE
Calendario mesoamericano=Mesoamerican calendar
are the calendrical systems devised and used by the pre-Columbian cultures of Mesoamerica. Besides keeping time, Mesoamerican calendars were also used in religious observances and social rituals, such as for divination. The existence of Mesoamerican calendars is known as early as ca. 500 BCE, with the essentials already appearing fully defined and functional. These calendars are still used today in the Guatemalan highlands, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico -
1526
Reloj calculador=
The calculating clock or also called the Schickard machine is an automatic machine created in 1623 by the German mathematician William Schickard.
It was the first in history to be built (Leonardo da Vinci had already designed an adding machine, but it had never been built due to the advancement of technology at that time). The calculating clock could perform, through totally mechanical methods, the four elementary arithmetic operations: add, subtract, multiply and divide. -
Huesos de Napier=
It would be in the early seventeenth century when the Scottish mathematician John Napier invented this device, which consisted of a series of wooden bars containing multiplication tables, thus avoiding the memorization of them and was of great help in the realization of multiplication and division operations with a high number of figures. -
Regla de cálculo=
The slide rule, also known colloquially in the United States as a slipstick,is a mechanical analog computer. The slide rule is used primarily for multiplication and division, and also for functions such as exponents, roots, logarithms and trigonometry, but typically not for addition or subtraction. Though similar in name and appearance to a standard ruler, the slide rule is not meant to be used for measuring length or drawing straight lines. -
Pascalina=Pascal's calculator
is a mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in the early 17th century. Pascal was led to develop a calculator by the laborious arithmetical calculations required by his father's work as supervisor of taxes in Rouen.He designed the machine to add and subtract two numbers directly and to perform multiplication and division through repeated addition or subtraction. -
Máquina de multiplicar=
It consists of an articulated lid with perforated windows, a series of discs with engraved numbers and axes in which the discs were placed.The disks were a circular version of the Neper tables. In them the digits corresponding to the tens and units of each product were engraved on opposite sides. -
1ª Máquina de cálculos aritméticos=
Leibniz invented an arithmetic machine, whose system has been used in the mechanical calculaiting machines until the years 1960. An article by Yves Serra explains its operation in detail -
Tarjeta perforada=1ª memoria
A punched card or punch card is a piece of stiff paper that can be used to contain digital data represented by the presence or absence of holes in predefined positions. Digital data can be used for data processing applications or, in earlier examples, used to directly control automated machinery. -
1ª Máquina Analítica=The Analytical Engine
was a proposed mechanical general-purpose computer designed by English mathematician and computer pioneer Charles Babbage.It was first described in 1837 as the successor to Babbage's difference engine, a design for a simpler mechanical computer. -
1ª programadora de la máquina analítica=
The Notes were labeled alphabetically from A to G. Note G was dedicated to Bernoulli's numbers; in this section Ada describes in detail the operations by which the punched cards "would weave" a sequence of numbers in the analytical machine. This code is considered as the first algorithm specifically designed to be executed by a computer, although it was never tested since the machine was never built. -
El álgebra de Boole y la codificación binaria=
Boolean algebra, also called Boolean algebra, in digital electronics, computer science and mathematics is an algebraic structure that schematizes logical operations. It is named in honor of George Boole, a self-taught English mathematician, who was the first to define it as part of a logical system, initially in a small booklet, The Mathematical Analysis of Logic,1 published in 1847, in response to an ongoing controversy between Augustus De Morgan and Sir William Rowan Hamilton. -
1ª Máquina Tabuladora= Herman Hollerith
was an inventor who developed an electromagnetic tabulator of punched cards to help in the summary of the information and, later, the accounting. He was the founder of the tabulation machine company that was merged (through stock acquisition) in 1911 with three other companies to form a fifth of the company, the Computer Tabulating Recording Company later called International Business Machines (IBM). -
1ª Máquina Algebraica=
Leonardo Torres Quevedo The Spanish engineer and mathematician Leonardo Torres Quevedo presented in 1894 to the Royal Academy of Sciences a memoir on the invention of his machine that allowed solving algebraic equations.The machine presents two innovations: The use of the logarithmic scale (which allows the evaluation of monomials to be reduced to sums) and the "Spindles without end" created by Quevedo. -
Máquina Enigma= Enigma
was the name of a rotor machine that allowed to use it both to encrypt and to decipher messages.It was patented in 1918 by the German company Scherbius & Ritter, co-founded by Arthur Scherbius, who had purchased the patent of a Dutch inventor, and it was put on sale in 1923 for commercial use.1 In 1926, the German Navy adopted it. for military use and shortly after its use was extended to the other German armed forces, 2 being its use extended before and during the Second World War -
1er Analizador Diferencial= he differential analyzer
was a mechanical analog computer designed to solve differential equations by integration, using mechanisms of wheels and discs to perform the integration. It was one of the first advanced computing devices to be used operationally.The analyzer was invented in 1876 by James Thomson, Lord Kelvin's brother. A practical version was first built by Harold Locke Hazen and Vannevar Bush in early 1927 at MIT. -
Máquina Universal de Turing=
In computer science, a universal Turing machine (UTM) is a Turing machine that can simulate an arbitrary Turing machine at arbitrary input. The universal machine essentially accomplishes this by reading both the description of the machine to be simulated as well as the very input of its own tape. -
ABC= 1ª computadora electrónica y digital automática
The Atanasoff Berry Computer (ABC) was the first automatic electronic and digital computer that was used with numbers and letters (although now this is attributed to the Z1 of Konrad Zuse completed in 1938). It was built by Dr. John Vincent Atanasoff with the help of Clifford Edward Berry between 1937 and 1942 at the 'Iowa State University', which then received the name of 'Iowa State College'. -
Z1= 1936
the first programmable computer in history. Konrad Zuse, German engineer, design and made the Z1, which for many is the first programmable computer in history. The Z1 was a binary mechanical calculator operated with electricity and that occupied a whole table, quite large by the way. -
Z2=
Created by Konrad Zuse, was designed from the Z1, since creating a mechanical machine presented some difficulties, and telephone relays were added to it.He was helped by a friend of his, Helmut Schreyer, who worked with electronic relays, and asked him to design the circuits to perform the three basic operations, AND, OR and NOT, so as not to design them from scratch. Schreyer solved this problem without any problem while Zuse worked in the logical part of the circuits. -
Calculadora de números complejos
was an American scientist known mostly for his work in the 30s and 40s on the development of digital logic circuits, using electromechanical relays as switches.At the end of his studies, he joined the Bell Laboratories as a mathematical consultant. From 1940 to 1945, he worked at the US Office of Scientific Research and Development. During World War II, he was a consultant in mathematics for several agencies of the US government. -
Z3= The Z3 computer,
was the first programmable and fully automatic machine, characteristics used to define a computer.The Z3, electromechanical technology, was built with 2300 relays, had a clock frequency of ~ 5 Hz, and a word length of 22 bits. The calculations were made with purely binary floating point arithmetic. The machine was completed in 1941 (on May 12 of that same year it was presented to an audience of scientists in Berlin). -
ENIAC= ENIAC,
an acronym for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer, 1 2 was one of the first general-purpose computers. It was Turing-complete, digital, and capable of being reprogrammed to solve "an extensive class of numerical problems" .3 4 It was initially designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the United States Army Ballistic Research Laboratory. -
Nace la Cibernética=
Norbert Wiener (Columbia, Missouri, United States, November 26, 1894-Stockholm, Sweden, March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician, known as the founder of cybernetics.1 He coined the term in his book Cybernetics or the control and communication in animals and machines, published in 1948.Cybernetics is the interdisciplinary study of the structure of regulatory systems. -
Colossus=
were the first electronic computing devices used by the British to read German encrypted communications during World War II. Colossus was one of the first digital computers.The Colossus machine was originally designed by Tommy Flowers at the Post Office Research Station, Dollis Hill. The prototype, Colossus Mark I, came into operation at Bletchley Park from February 1944 -
Z4= The Z4 computer
It was the first computer in the world to be sold, beating the British Ferranti Mark I for five months and UNIVAC I for ten months. The Z4 was the final result of Zuse for the design of the Z3. Like the Z3, it was an electromechanical machine. 2Konrad Zuse, this researcher created numerous computers throughout his life; He devoted himself fully to it. His first machines were the Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4The Z4, although it was later retouched on numerous occasions by adding a punched card reading unit. -
Harvard Mark I= The IBM Automatic Sequence
was the first electromechanical computer, built at IBM and shipped to Harvard in 1944. It had 760,000 wheels and 800 kilometers of cable and was machine-based Analytic of Charles Babbage.The computer used electromagnetic signals to move the mechanical parts. -
Transistor de estado sólido (silicio)=
was the father of the transistor, the invention that is probably the greatest silent revolution of the twentieth century, of the that is 70 years old in 2017. The operation of most of the equipment we use every day (televisions, mobile phones, computers ...) is based on the properties of the transistors with which they are built. It is often said that the transistor represents for the 20th century what the steam engine meant for the 19th century. -
Manchester Mark I=
was originally a small-scale experimental machine called "The baby", built between 1947 and 1948 at the University of Manchester, as a continuation of the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), the world's first electronic computer. with program stored on the same machine. Its design was thought to demonstrate the potential that would have the programs stored in the computer, for that reason it is considered the first computer that worked with RAM. -
BINAC= BINAC
Binary Automatic Computer, was a computer developed by Eckert and Mauchly of the ECC Electronic Control Corporation for the Northrop Aircraft Company of Hawthorne in California, who were developing a secret missile, called Snark. For this they needed a small computer that could be transported in an airplane, in order to guide the Snark missile. The specifications of the computer were: It should have a volume of less than 0.60 cubic meters. -
1ª impresora eléctrica para texto=
harles Babbage, known by many as "The Father of Computing", was born according to some sources in Teignmouth (province of Devonshire, United Kingdom), on December 26, 1791, although according to others he was born at 44 Crosby Row, Walworth Road ( London, United Kingdom). He was the son of Benjamin Babbage and Betsy Plumleigh Teape -
UNIVAC I= con memorias de cinta magnética
was designed in the decade of the 50s of the twentieth century by the company Remington Rand and is considered the first commercial computer developed in the United States. Conceived by computer pioneers John W. Mauchly and John P. Eckert, this computer was aimed at large companies, both private and public, due to its high cost and installation requirements. -
IBM 701=1er ordenador comercializado
nnounced by the president to its shareholders on April 29, 1952 and to the public on April 7, 1953. IBM's first commercial scientific computer. During 4 years of existence, 19 units were sold. It was developed in the IBM Lab in Poughkeepsie (in the State of New York).The IBM 701 Defense Calculator, a computer designed primarily for scientific calculation, is rented for $ 15,000 a month. In total, 19 units were manufactured: the first went to IBM's global headquarters in New York. -
EDVAC= Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
was one of the first electronic computers. Unlike the ENIAC, it was not decimal, but binary, and had the first program designed to be stored. This design became the standard of architecture for most modern computers. The design of the EDVAC is considered a success in the history of computing.The design of the EDVAC was developed even before the ENIAC was launched and it was intended to solve many of the problems encountered in the design of the ENIAC. -
1er Circuito integrado=
Such ideas could not be implemented in the industry of 1950, but a finding occurred in the last years of that decade. In 1958, 3 people from 3 companies in the United States of America solved 3 fundamental problems that prevented the production of integrated circuits. Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments patented the integration principle, created the first CI prototype and marketed it. -
Lenguajes de programación:
s a high-level programming language of general purpose, 2 procedimental3 and imperative, which is specially adapted to numerical calculation and scientific computing. Originally developed by IBM in 1957 for the IBM 704 team, and used for scientific and engineering applications, FORTRAN came to dominate this area of programming from the beginning and has been in continuous use for more than half a century in areas of intensive computing. -
1er microchip=
Microchips are used in all spheres of modern life: in medical equipment, cell phones, toys and in almost all modern equipment. Medicine, for example, is a formidable field of application for this technology, they invade with their possibilities the research centers, clinics, laboratories and even the life of patients with the aim of raising their quality of life. -
1er ratón informático=
Douglas Carl Engelbart was an American inventor, descendant of Norwegians. He is known for inventing the mouse, and was a pioneer of human interaction with computers, including hypertext and networked computers.2 His vision helped Xerox PARC engineers finally arrive at a better mouse design. by the Xerox Alto, the first personal computer with graphic interface. -
IBM 360=
was a computer system of the mainframe family, which IBM announced on April 7, 1964. It was the first family of computers that was designed to cover applications, regardless of size or environment (scientific or commercial). The design made a clear distinction between architecture and implementation, allowing IBM to draw a series of compatible models at differential prices -
1er Bug informático=
It turns out that the first computer bug was in 1945, caused by a moth (see image) that was among the contacts of a re-read from a Mark II computer (at that time the transistors were Sci-FI stuff), which caused the failure of a program, this was discovered by Grace Murray Hopper, an operator of this museum computer. -
Intel Corporation
On July 18, 1968, Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore founded the company Integrated Electronics that, over time and under the excellent executive management of Andrew Grove has become Intel, the giant of semiconductors and microprocessors.Hardly a company can have parents with better curriculum than its two founders. -
Sistema operativo Unix
Unix (officially registered as UNIX®) is a portable, multi-tasking and multi-user operating system; developed in 1969 by a group of employees of the AT & T Bell laboratories, which include Dennis Ritchie, Ken Thompson and Douglas McIlroy.1 2 The system, along with all the rights, was sold by AT & T to Novell, Inc. This later sold the software to Santa Cruz Operation in 1995, and this, in turn, resold it to Caldera Software in 2001, a company that later became the SCO group. -
Red ARPANET=
the "parents" of the Internet are considered four people:Tim Berners-Lee, Larry Roberts, Vinton Cerf, and Robert Kahn.The first of them, Tim, created the World Wide Web (Web);Larry Roberts devised the prototype packet switching network,in1966 he participated in the start of the creation of the Arpanet network, which several decades later would become the Internet; Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed the TCP communications protocol used, among others, by Internet -
1er Microprocesador
Federico Faggin started working in Milan (Italy) at age 19, in the year 1960, in the research laboratory of the famous Italian company Olivetti. There he worked designing an experimental computer. A short time later he left Olivetti to study physics at the University of Padua, and there, after finishing his studies, he became an assistant professor. -
Lenguajes de programación: Pascal
Niklaus Wirth (Winterthur Switzerland, February 15, 1934), currently retired, graduated as an Electronics Engineer from the Federal Polytechnic School of Zurich (ETH), is M.Sc. by the University of Laval, Canada and Doctor (Ph.D.) by the University of California, Berkeley. From 1963 to 1967 he served as assistant professor of Computer Science at Stanford University and again at the University of Zurich. -
1os disquetes
The floppy disk or floppy disk is a magnetic data storage medium, formed by a thin circular sheet (disk) of magnetizable and flexible material (hence its name), enclosed in a cover plastic, square or rectangular, that was used in the computer, for example: for boot disk, to transfer data and information from one computer to another, or simply to store and safeguard files. -
CRAY I=
was a supercomputer designed by a significant number of computer scientists headed by Seymour Cray for Cray Research. The first Cray-1 system was installed in the Los Alamos national laboratory in 1976. It is one of the best-known and most successful supercomputers in history, and one of the most powerful in its time.Announced in 1975, it triggered an escalation of offers by Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore, finally winning the first.
