-
CFC
CFCs were invented and were for commercial applications. -
Period: to
CFCs, Scientists
The use of CFCs are increasing rapidly although Scientists discover a link between CFCs and the ozone layer and discover that the CFCs damage the ozone layer which will make people sick. -
Co-ordinating commitee
In 1977 the united nations environment set up a committee to study the ozone layer. -
USA,Canada,Sweden, Norway
“In 1978, the United States of America, Canada,
Sweden and Norway ban the use of CFCs in aerosols.” -
UNEP
“In 1981, UNEP starts inter-governmental negotiations to protect the ozone layer.” -
Absence of Moves
“After 1982, in the absence of other moves,
the consumption of CFCs increases again. Industry demands proof of ozone depletion due to CFCs.” -
The British Antarctic Team
“The British Antarctic Team discovers severe thinning in the ozone layer over Antarctica - the ozone hole.” -
The Montreal Protocol
“In 1987, 46 governments agree to a fifty per cent cut in the
production and consumption of CFCs by the year 2000; a freeze
in production and consumption of halons by 1992; further
controls linked to assessments by experts.” -
UNEP-WMO
“In 1988, the UNEP - WMO report on ozone
trends links CFCs to ozone depletion.” -
Assessment Panel
“In 1989, the UNEP Assessment Panel of experts reports THE NEED for tougher controls.” -
London Amendment
“Parties agree to completely phase out CFCs by the year 2000, and to establish a Multilateral Fund to assist developing coun-
tries. US$ 240 million was allocated for 1991 - 1993.” -
UNEP Assessment Panels
“UNEP Assessment Panels recommend that more substances
(HCFCs, methyl bromide) are controlled and that the phase out of CFCs is advanced.” -
Copenhagen Amendment
“In 1992, it was decided that the developed countries phase out
HCFCs by 2030, freeze methyl bromide by 1995 and that the
phase out of CFCs be brought forward to 1996.” -
Bangkok
“In 1993, the Meeting of the Parties, held in Bangkok, agrees to a
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund - US$455 million for 1994 - 1996.” -
Halons
“Halons are phased out by industrialized countries. UNEP Assess-
ment Panels recommend tougher controls on methyl bromide.” -
Russian Federation
“Some countries, the Russian Federation and others, report an
inability to phase out CFCs by 1996 due to their internal problems.
The Global Environment Facility (GEF) offers to help them.
Developing countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by 2010.” -
Meeting Of Parties
“The Meeting of the Parties held in Costa Rica, approves the
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund and gives US$466 million for 1997 - 1999.” -
Countries
Industrialized countries -
Montreal Amendment
“Industrialized countries agree to phase out methyl bromide by
2005. Developing countries will phase out the same by 2015.” -
Montreal Amendment II
“Licensing for the import and export of CFCs was introduced.” -
Period: to
GEF
“GEF assists countries with economies in transition to phase out CFCs.” -
11th Meeting
The 11th Meeting of the Parties in Beijing banned
bromochloromethane, (a new ozone-depleting chemical)
and put controls on production of HCFCs and trade in HCFCs with non-Parties. -
Beijing
The Ozone meetings in Beijing in December 1999 approved a
replenishment of the Multilateral Fund of US$ 440 million for the years
2000-2002 for continuing the phase-out of CFCs, in addition to the
carry-over of US$ 35.7 million from the previous period. -
Beijing Decloration
The Beijing Declaration (December 1999) reiterated the
commitment of all Governments to continue full implementation
of the Montreal Protocol and ensure the protection of the ozone layer.
