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Roanoke
In the late 1500s, the English made their first attempts to settle in North America, Roanoke Island, which is near North Carolina. They return back to England due to shortage of food and attacks from the Indians. In 1587, a second colony was founded on Roanoke and Virginia Dare, the first baby born in North America, was born. Soon after they settled on Roanoke island and when they arrived it was deserted. One clue was left the word "Croatoan" in a tree.
www.americaslibrary.gov -
Jamestown
On May 14, 1607, a group of roughly 100 members of a joint venture called the Virginia Company founded the first permanent English settlement in North America on the banks of the James River. Famine, disease and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years brought Jamestown to the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies in 1610. https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/jamestown -
Salutary Neglect
This was an unofficial policy of the British government in Massachusetts under which trade regulations were lenient and supervision of colonials was loose as long as colonies remained loyal to the British government.
Source: https://www.britannica.com/topic/salutary-neglect -
Connecticut
The English arrived when a large group of Puritans from Massachusetts led by Thomas Hooker. They came looking for religious freedom. In 1639 they adopted a constitution called the "Fundamental Orders" which set up power and structure. https://www.ducksters.com/geography/us_states/rhode_island_history.php -
House of Burgesses
The governor of England came to Virginia an announced the abolishment of martial law and switch to legislation. The burgesses were elected representatives voted on by white men with a certain level of status.
http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp -
Mayflower/ Plymouth
In 1620, the Pilgrims settled the Plymouth Colony, and set sail aboard the Mayflower. The Mayflower Compact was the first self government plan in the colonies. The Pilgrims settled by the Wampanoag people and soon met Squanto, an English speaker, who helped them communicate and mediate with the tribal leaders. Squanto helped the leaders grow corn and a establish a treaty. In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims celebrated their first Harvest (Thanksgiving).
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New York
New York was settled by the Dutch in 1624, and was called New Netherlands at the time. In 1664 the colony was surrendered by the Dutch to the English and then was named New York. The Dutch took control once again in 1673, only to be returned back to the British.
http://www.softschools.com/facts/13_colonies/new_york_colony_facts/2043/ -
The Great Migration
The Great Puritan Migration was in the 17th century during which English puritans migrated to New England, the Chesapeake and the West Indies. The Puritans left England primarily due to religious persecution and for economic reasons as well.In September of 1620, the separatists traveled to the New World on the Mayflower and landed off the coast of Massachusetts, where they established Plymouth Colony. This event marks the beginning of the Great Migration. historyofmassachusetts.org -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Puritans settled the colony. 1,000 puritans came to purify the church. They were led by John Winthrop. were very strict with their rules that followed the church. Punishment's ranged from public humiliation, execution and banishment. (notes) -
Maryland
Lord Baltimore, who was a Catholic, was granted a large amount of acres and settled in Maryland where he encouraged persecuted Catholics to settle as well. Maryland was a proprietary colony, which meant the owner of the colony ruled, not the king or queen. The Toleration Act of 1649 took place here and granted religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland.
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Rhode Island
Rodger Williams was banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony because he spoke out against government authorities who pushed for no freedom of religion. Williams then founded the colony of Rhode Island & there was no religious persecution of Christians there. Religious refugees from the Massachusetts Bay Colony would come to settle there. ( from notes ) -
Toleration Act of 1649
The Catholics in Maryland had become a minority of the population although they were still politically powerful. They were in danger of being treated unfairly by the Protestant majority. Their solution to this problem was the Toleration Act which provided protection for Catholics, set a precedent but did not provide complete religious freedom as assumed.
http://www.let.rug.nl/usa/documents/1600-1650/the-maryland-toleration-act-1649.php -
Maryland Toleration Act
This act was passed due to instructions from Lord Baltimore and defended Maryland from the charge of intolerance to Protestants. http://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/1649-maryland-toleration-act -
Carolina
Carolina was a Southern Colony and settled by supporters of King Charles II. People settled here to grow cash crops like rice, indigo, and tobacco. Cash crops were very labor intensive so they brought over African Slaves and by 1720 they outnumbered European setlers 2:1. In 1729, Carolina became a royal colony and split into North and South Carolina.
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Bacons Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon formed an unauthorized militia of indentured servants, slaves, and poor farmers. Virginia Governor formed an army to fight Bacon and men. Berkeley's refusal to retaliate against the Native Americans was the cause of commotion. Bacon and his men attacked and destroyed Jamestown. The rebellion ended when Bacon died from dysentery.
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Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania is a middle colony and was settled by William Penn. He established this colony as a holy experiment. William Penn became a Quaker and his colony soon became a haven for other quakers.
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Great Awakening
A religious revival of the English colonies, in which Christian leaders traveled around preaching the gospel. Many people came to believe in Christianity at this time. https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
Albany Plan
The plan of representatives of seven of the British North American colonies to place bring the colonies under a more centralized government. This was the first important attempted to bring the colonies in as one although it was never carried out. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/albany-plan -
French Indian War
The nine year war fought between France and Great Britain over a great amount of colonial territory of North America. https://www.britannica.com/event/French-and-Indian-War -
Proclamation of 1763
This royal proclamation was issued after the end of the french intended to conciliate the Indians. This caused expansion west, and was the first measure that had an impact on all colonies. https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of
