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Roanoke
Roanoke was known as the lost English colony. It was one of the first colonies on the soil of Virginia. John White had gone to England for supplies, because the colonists were complaining about the lack of food and supplies. White came back to something described as a ghost town. There were no people or houses in site. There are some theories that explain why the colony was deserted.
[http://theshadowlands.net/roanoke.htm] -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary neglect was from England not enforcing commerce laws with the colonies, because they thought the colonies would flourish without them. The Navigation Act was passed to only allow trade with England. Triangular trade began with lack of enforcement, and items being snuck into other countries. This period ended as a consequence of the French-Indian war. Britain then had huge debt and destroyed the colonies leading to revolution.
[https://www.thoughtco.com/salutary-neglect-104293] -
Jamestown
Jamestown was the first permanent English colony. It was founded by a group of around 100 members of the Virginia Company. Famine, disease, and conflict with the Native Americans almost brought Jamestown to failure. Tobacco was brought with new supplies and settlers. This item became the first profitable export. Jamestown was the capital of the Virginia colony until 1699.
[http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown] -
The House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses was the first legislative assembly in the American colonies created by Governor George Yeardley because Jamestown was about to fail. The assembly consisted of 22 members and was empowered to enact legislation for the colony. Only white men, 17 or older, with a specific amount of land were allowed to vote. The influence became restricted but later ranks would assume a major leadership role for the movement toward independence
[http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1151.html] -
Mayflower/Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower was the ship that brought the Pilgrims to America for religious and economic freedom. After 66 days the Mayflower arrived at Cape Cod and then sailed up to Plymouth to start a town. Many Pilgrims died during the first winter. The Mayflower Compact was an agreement that bound the Pilgrims' together when they arrived in New England. The agreement was signed in November 1620.
[https://www.plimoth.org/learn/just-kids/homework-help/mayflower-and-mayflower-compact] -
New York
New York was one of the original 13 English colonies. New York was founded by Peter Minuit and named after the Duke of York and Albany. This Colony was founded for trade and profit. New York was often referred to as the Bread Basket because of how much wheat was produced. The wheat become flour and was exported to England. Iron products were also produced and exported to England.
[https://www.landofthebrave.info/new-york-colony.htm] -
Great Migration
During the Great Migration about 60,000 people came from England to the Americas. The reason for this event was to escape religious persecution and economical ruin. Most people went to the West Indies, but 10,000-20,000 people came to Massachusetts.
[The American Nation by Paul Boyer page 68] -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was one of the original English colonies. The colony was settled by a group of about 1000 Puritans from England under Governor John Winthrop. The company obtained a charter from King Charles allowing the company to trade and colonize in New England, similar to the Virginia Company. The company decided to move to Massachusetts. They assumed the charter was a political constitution for a new government.
[https://www.britannica.com/place/Massachusetts-Bay-Colony] -
Maryland
Maryland was one of the original English colonies. Maryland was founded by George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, and other colonists at Baltimore for religious freedom. The colony was named in honor of the kings wife. The colony was a major manufacturing and agricultural industry. Tobacco, fruit, and livestock were some things produced in the colony.
[https://www.landofthebrave.info/maryland-colony.htm] -
Rhode Island
Rhode Island was one of the original English colonies. Rhode Island was the smallest and was founded my Roger Williams. Williams was banished from Massachusetts for his advocacy of religious tolerance and separation of the church and state. During the colonial period Newport, Rhode Island was a major shipping and trading area.
[http://www.history.com/topics/us-states/rhode-island] -
Connecticut
Connecticut was one of the original 13 English colonies. Connecticut was founded by Thomas Hooker. The reason this colony was founded was because Massachusetts was getting over populated and settlers began to move out. The colony used some of Massachusett's laws to govern and some laws were discarded. The colony focused on ship building and the export of rum.
[https://www.thoughtco.com/connecticut-colony-103870]
[https://www.landofthebrave.info/connecticut-colony.htm] -
Maryland Toleration Act
The Maryland Toleration Act was passed to give religious freedom to Maryland's Catholics. Religious freedom was granted to everyone who believed in the Trinity, and that Jesus was God's son. It became a crime to call people of other religions names. Punishment was given to anyone denying the Trinity, Jesus as God's son, profaning Sunday, and speaking against Mary.
[http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1601-1700/maryland-toleration-act-11630122.html] -
Carolina
Carolina was one of the original English Colonies. King Charles II gave the land south of Virginia to eight proprietors. The colony consisted of parts of what is now North and South Carolina. People from other colonies and slaves came to Carolina. Agriculture was big the colony. Tobacco, cotton, and corn were some things grown. Carolina had the largest slave population because of the large plantations.
[https://www.landofthebrave.info/south-carolina-colony.htm] -
Bacon's Rebellion
This event occurred in Virginia. Nathaniel Bacon who was the Governor Sir William Berkeley's cousin was a trouble maker. He didn't listen to the governor and stole some Indians who he thought stole corn. Bacon became the general of a group of local Indian fighters and attacked other Indian tribes. The House of Burgesses wanted Bacon to confess but he refused to. Bacon became a leader of the rebellion against the Governor.
[https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/bacons-rebellion.htm] -
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania was one of the original English colonies founded by William Penn and other colonists. The colony was founded for religious freedom for the Quakers, trade, and profit. Pennsylvania was part of the bread basket for growing so many crops, mainly wheat which was made into flour. Iron goods were also manufactured in Pennsylvania and exported to England.
[https://www.landofthebrave.info/pennsylvania-colony.htm] -
Salem Witch Trials
This event occurred in Salem, Massachusetts. The trials were a series of witchcraft cases brought to the local magistrates. Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne were the first three victims of the trials. Tituba confessed that she and the other two victims were witches working for the devil and that they afflicted girls with stories. This caused panic,mass hysteria, and a witch hunt. Twenty were killed during the hysteria.
[http://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-salem-witch-trials/] -
The Great Awakening/Enlightenment
The Great Awakening was a period of revivalism in the colonies. A greater importance was placed on the individual and their own spiritual experience. Johnathan Edwards was the one who emphasized a personal approach to religion. He explained that salvation is from God only and not from works. George Whitefield, another important figure, preached and traveled between America and Europe spreading the Great Awakening.
[https://www.thoughtco.com/great-awakening-of-early-18th-century-104594] -
Albany Plan
The Albany Plan of Union was a plan to place the northern colonies under a more centralized government. This plan was never carried out, but it was the first proposal to unite the colonies under one government. The plan was adopted during the Albany Congress. Benjamin Franklin was one person who saw the advantages of uniting the colonies. The Albany Plan served as a model for later uniting the colonies.
[https://history.state.gov/milestones/1750-1775/albany-plan] -
French-Indian War
The French-Indian war was also known as the Seven Years' War. This was another struggle between Britain and France. France and their Ohio River Valley expansion brought conflict to the English Colonies. Britain declared war in 1756. The French used their Indian allies as help. In 1763 at a peace conference, England received Canada and Florida which opened the Mississippi Valley for westward expansion.
[http://www.history.com/topics/french-and-indian-war] -
Proclamation of 1763
After the French-Indian war England issued a proclamation to protect the colonies from Indian attacks, and to shield Indians from settler attacks. The proclamation closed westward expansion. This affected all 13 colonies. The proclamation was temporary and had economic benefits for England. Some people defied the proclamation for farmland and trade, but only licensed traders were allowed to deal with the Indians.
[http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of]
