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Roanoke
A group of English settlers arrived on the Roanoke Island. The English settlers had lacked on supplies so the governor of the new colony, John White had decided to sail back to England and restock on the supplies that they needed to survive. White had arrived back to Roanoke and there was no trace of his colony except for the word "Croatoan" that was carved into a wooden post. Since that day, it all still remains a mystery. https://www.history.com/news/what-happened-to-the-lost-colony-of-roanoke -
Jamestown
The Virginia Company of London was a joint stock colony that established a colony along the coast of Virginia. They had a rough start trying to survive the first winter. Only 38 of 150 settlers had survived. John Smith was then Jamestown's leader. The Virginia Company offered free land to people who settled in Jamestown and out of the 9,000 people that came, only 2,000 survived. https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/jamestown -
House of Burgesses
The first legislature was made up of elected representatives in North America and was established at Jamestown. To elect representatives, only property owners that were 17 years or older and were male could vote to the House of Congress. Virginia had became a royal colony and King James I accused the company for mismanagement and revoked its Proprietary charter. https://www.landofthebrave.info/house-of-burgesses.htm -
Great Puritan Migration
The Great Puritan Migration was when English puritans migrated to New England, the Chesapeake, and the West Indies in the 17th century. They left because the religious climate was unfriendly and threatening towards the Puritans. There were two different types of Puritans. There were the separatists who felt the church was corrupt and non-separatists who wanted to stay remained in the church. https://historyofmassachusetts.org/the-great-puritan-migration/ -
Mayflower/Plymouth/Mayflower Compact
The pilgrims settled the Plymouth Colony and about 100 passengers including 35 pilgrims had sailed the Mayflower for 65 days and landed at Cape Cod. The Mayflower Compact was the first self government plan I the colonies and it established the foundation for the colony's government and it pledged that the decisions made were by the colony's men. https://www.plimoth.org/learn/just-kids/homework-help/mayflower-and-mayflower-compact -
New York
It was one of the original 13 colonies and is located on the Atlantic Coast of North America. It was founded by the Duke of York and it was settled by the Dutch. The Dutch called the area New Netherlands and New York City was called New Amsterdam. The Dutch used the "Patroon" System to promote settlement and Dutch landholders were given large amounts of land to rent it out to tenant farmers as a reward. https://www.landofthebrave.info/new-york-colony.htm -
Massachusetts Bay Colony
It was settled by the Puritans and about 1,000 settled there. The leader of the colony was John Winthrop. The Puritan laws they had there were were also tied to the Puritan church. If you were a dissenter, you had a punishment like public humiliation, execution, or even banishment. It became the largest and most influential colony and it also became a royal colony. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/colonial-america/colonial-north-america/a/puritan-new-england-massachusetts-bay -
Maryland
It was settled by George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore. King Charles I granted him a royal charter for what was to become the province of Maryland and 100 million acres of land for catholics to settle in. Maryland was a proprietary colony so that meant there was no king or queen to rule. Calvert had died and the charter for "Maryland Colony" was then granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/the-settlement-of-maryland -
Connecticut
Connecticut was one of the original 13 colonies and was considered as a New England Colony. It was originally founded by Thomas Hooker. The First Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, John Winthrop, wrote too Hooker asking him to come to Massachusetts so Hooker sailed for North America. Unlike in Massachusetts, citizenship was based on land ownership, not religion. https://www.thoughtco.com/connecticut-colony-103870 -
Rhode Island
Roger Williams was banished to England from the Massachusetts Bay Colony for his beliefs in the separation of the church and state and freedom of religion. Williams then purchased land from the Narragansett Indians and founded Rhode Island where there was no religious persecution of christians in 1636. He then attracted other separatists who also did not agree on colonial religious rules. https://www.thoughtco.com/rhode-island-colony-103880 -
Maryland Toleration Act
The Maryland Toleration Act, also known as the Act Concerning Religion, was a law granting religious freedom to all Christians living in Maryland. It created the first legal Act limiting on religious hate speech and anyone who denied the quality of Jesus was sentenced to death. https://www.americanhistoryusa.com/topic/maryland-toleration-act/ -
Carolina
It was a southern colony and it was settled by supporters of King Charles II. King Charles granted 8 supporters land in Carolinas. With easy access to the trade in the West Indies, people had settled in the Carolinas to grow cash crops. Some cash crops were rice, indigo and tobacco. In 1729, Carolina had became a royal colony and was split into North and South Carolina. https://www.thoughtco.com/south-carolina-colony-103881 -
Bacon's Rebellion
Bacon's rebellion was a revolt against American Indians and the colonial government in the Virginia Colony over taking action for accusing thefts by Native Americans. This was led by Nathaniel Bacon, in opposition to Sir William Berkeley who was the governor of Virginia who refused to retaliate against the Native Americans. This was the first colonial rebellion against royal control. https://www.nps.gov/jame/learn/historyculture/bacons-rebellion.htm -
Pennsylvania
King Charles II granted the province of Pennsylvania to William Penn and Penn established the colony as a "Holy Experiment". He meant it as a place without a landowning high class where every male settler would receive at least 50 acres of land and have the right to vote. The colony soon became a place that provided a place of religious freedom for quakers. https://www.thoughtco.com/key-facts-about-the-pennsylvania-colony-103879 -
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem Witch Trials began when a group of young girls in Salem Village, Massachusetts claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused some local women of witchcraft. This rapidly turned into a wave of hysteria all through Massachusetts. Many were accused for witchcraft and then killed even if they've known themselves to be innocent. The mass hysteria ended in September 1692 with public opinion turning against the trials. https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/salem-witch-trials -
Great Awakening/Enlightenment
The Great Awakening was a religious revival that had impacted the English colonies in America. A movement known as the Enlightenment was among Protestant Christians who were reacting to a number of religious conditions in the colonies. https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/great-awakening -
Albany Plan
The Albany Plan of Union was an early proposal to organize the British-held American colonies under a single central government. It was attended by representatives of seven of the thirteen American colonies . Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania, published the "Join or Die" political cartoon in his newspaper. The cartoon explains the need for a union by comparing the colonies to separated pieces of a snake's body. https://www.thoughtco.com/the-albany-plan-of-union-4128842 -
Salutary Neglect
Salutary Neglect was a long-standing British Policy in the thirteen colonies which allowed the colonists to violate the laws associated with trade. This lasted from the 1960's to the 1760's and received an advantage to the colonists boosting their profits from trade. This was to ensure that the America colonies would remain loyal to the British during the expansion in Colonial America. https://www.landofthebrave.info/salutary-neglect.htm -
French-Indian War
Was also called the Seven Years War and it was a conflict between the French and British. They wanted to see who claimed Ohio River Valley as their own territory. The area had many valuable resources and an important transportation passage for the region. They fought mostly up in the northeast along the border between the British and French colonies of New France. The war ended on February 10, 1763 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. https://historyofmassachusetts.org/french-and-indian-war/ -
Proclamation of 1763
This royal proclamation that was issued on October 7, 1763, closed down all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. The proclamation forbade private citizens and colonial governments alike from buying land or making any agreements with Native Americans. Only licensed traders would be allowed to travel west or deal with Indians so they can protect colonists from Indian rampages. https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/1763-proclamation-of
