-
Phillipines During WWII
During this time, pearl Harbor was not the only bay the Japanese were attacking. The United States protected philipine islands were attacked by the Japanese. Douglass McAurthur led his troops south to manilla bay to saftey but after his flee to Australia, the Japanese captured the remainder of his army and led them on the manilla Bay Death March where 10,000 American soldiers died. -
Union Pacific Railroad
The company was given 20 sqares of land to build a railroad which streched form Omaha to the west coast. It cost 50 million dollars and the Irish immagrants made up most of the workers. -
Lincoln Assisinated
While attending a production in Fords Theatre, the president was shot in the head by John Wilkes Booth who then quickly fleed the scene by horse. he was later thought to be captured in a burning barn, but was he really or did he escape? Andrew Johnson follows him as president. -
Grant Elected
Grant was nominated as the republican party candidate and won the election because of his extreme populatiry in the north after the war and because of his platform to continue reconstruction in the south. -
Central Pacific Railroad
This railroad connected the West Coast with the Union and encouraged trade with Asia. 10,000 Chinese immagrants worked on this railroad and took four years to complete it. -
Fisk and Gould Scam
Jim Fiska nd Jay Gould worked to control the gold market and get the best profit they could. They convinced the government from selling as much gold while they bought it all and sold it at inflated prices. The government was then forced to release gold and their scam came to an end. -
The Split of the Republicans
In the time period of 1870-1880 the republican party began to split into two groups, the stalwarts and the half-breeds. Stalwarts were "true republicans" who stuck to the tridations of the spoils system while the half-breeds did not. This split did not really do much accept give the democrats a greater chance to win elections. -
Tweed Put in his place
After all the trouple and corruption he had started with the Irish immigrants and the spolis system, Boss Tweed was finaly shown for what he was in a cartoon posted in the New York Times. The illustrator, Thomas Nast, was offered to be bought out for 5 million but he refused and it was published. -
Liberal republican Party
At this time alot of people were beginning to turn against Grant and the Liberal republican party was fromed by the people who wanted him out. they voiced their oppinions about ending military reconstruction and replacing Grant with their candidate Greeley. Grant still won the next election with the help of the republicans. -
Economic Panic of 1873
In this time in history it was excessive expansion that cause the panic. With all the loans needed for railroad tracks, factories, and other buissnesses; the banks could not finance these loans and they crashed causing a panic. -
Silver Scheme
After the treasury stopped coining the silver dollar, silver was discovered in the west and the production shot up as prices shot down. Because of this, people complained about silver not being coined but it ended up to be just another scheme to cause inflation and it was overlooked. -
Resumption Act of 1875
This act, supported by Grant, made the government little by little withdraw the greenbacks from circulation, This act made gold and later silver worth more. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1875
This act was supposed to guarentee equal accomidations for blacks and whited in public facilities as well as ban discrimination. after the Compromise of 1877 this Act was well ignored and it didn't even hold up in court cases. -
Hayes and Tilden Standoff
In the election of 1876 the two candidates Rutherford B. Hayes, republican, and Samuel j. Tilden, democrat, battled against each other. This election ended up being very controversial because of the counting of the votes. The electorial voted were counted by 15 senate members, 8 rebublicans and 7 democrats. Since 8 of them, the republicans of course, said that Hayes won he won the election. -
Comnpromise of 1877
Because of all the fury over Hayes winning the election a compromise had to be made in order for the conutry not to split yet again. This Compromise ended military reconstruction in the south and trrops returned to the north, leaving the freed blacks to fend for themselves. -
Jim Crowe Era
After the compromise of 1877 was passed, the freed blacks had no more protection. Whites discriminated against them daily and they did all thry could to limit their rights such as voting. Blacks were forced to take literacy tests or pay poll taxes to vote which allowed virtually no blacks to take part in elections. -
Civil Cervice Comission
After the assination, the new president Chester Aurthur did not begin to support thr spoils system as expected, in fact he did the exact opposite. The Civil Service Comission was established to make sure not just anyone could recieve a government position because they would have to take a Civil Service exam. Though it brought about better government officials, future politicians had a hard time recieving the money andf support because they could not just hand out jobs as they did before. -
Garfield's Assination
After being elected in 1880, president Garfield quickly became unpopular amongst republicans because he did not support the spoils system and hire his supporters. One very angry, mentally insane, man Charled Guiteau shot him one day and the president later died. Now that Chester Authur was president, Guiteau pleaded insanity but he was found guilty and put to death. Unexpectedly after this, Aurthur did not bring back the spoils system even thought he was a known Stawurt. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The act was a result of the discrimination the Chinese went through because of the Kearneyites because of job competition. Also the problems with the Irish led to this act which banned all Chinese from immigrating to the States. After passed, many Chinese moved back to their homeland, but some natural born chinese amreicans stayed. -
Civil Rights Cases
At this time many discriminated blacks teird to avenge themselves in court pleading against the whites of the south. But even the Civil Rights Act would not hold up and was deemed unconstitutional in individual cases. The case Plessy vs Ferguson added the "seperate but equal" clause to the act and this added a whole new levem of descrimination that would last almost 100 more years. -
Populist Party
The "peoples" or populist party was maninly composed of farmers and the woking class. This party's platform consisted of the demand for coining silver to cause inflation and a graduated income tax. -
Coxey's Army
Jacob Coxey led and army of men to Washington demanding the government relieve people from unemployment. When they reached Washington they were arrested for walking on the grass and the whole protest became comical in the public eye. -
Pullman Palace Strike
Eugene V. Debs organized the American Railway Union and because of ths, Pullman Palace workers were able to strike aginst their cut wages and poor working conditions. They were not supported by the American Federation of Labor and this brought a halt to the striking. -
Cubans Revolt
After many years under spanish control the Cubans revolt to make the spanish leave or to bring the americans in to help them. Many of these Cubans were trapped during attacks and placed in concentration camps. -
McKinley triumphs over Bryan
Though William Jennings Bryan, a young and powerful political leader, has much support in the south and west; William McKinley wins the presidential election when he gains Bryans lost support. -
Boundry Dispute
For years there had been disputed about where the boundry line between Venezuela and British Guiana actually lied. A settlement was about to be reached but then gold was found in the area. In the end it was the Monroe Doctrine that decided the line and kept the US our of another war. -
Freedom for the Puerto Ricans
At this time Puerto Rico was contrlled by Spain and it was seeking independence. Spain began to give the people some rights, local autonomy, but the Spanish American was then next year placed the country in the hands of the United States which woulg make it a territory. -
End of the Spanish American War
Throughout this war America proved to have the best Navy because of how advanced it was even though the American numbers werer far less than the Spanish. The USS Oregon demolished an entire Spanish fleet and there wqas a 500:1 death rate. After this Spain was forced to give up, it was no longer a power in Central America. -
The Maine
This American ship exploded suddenly in the Havanna Harbors shortly after being sent to Cuba. Nearly 3/4 of the crew were killed and till this day Spain is blamed although there is no concrete evidence of this. -
Start of The War
After the Maine explosion and with the hunbger for new land becomming ever stronger, the Spanish- American War broke out and congress officially declared it. -
Filipinos Want their Independence
Like others, the Philipines was another territory America had aquired from the war. These people were thrilled to be out of Spanish controll but the soon realized that they were now under American rule. Many filipinos turned against America because they wanted to be a free country and the United States would not allow this. -
New Terriories
This year Hawaii becomes a United States territory basically against their own will. Although it is seen to be unfortunate in the eyes of the natives, this is a great thing for america because it opens trade routs and can be used as a rest stop when traveling far distances. -
Aguinaldo Captured
Emilio Aguinalso was a filipino who supported the United States while fighting the Spanish but soon turned against them later. He was a fighter for independence and he always put up a fight. Even after his capture, fighting raged on in this territory. -
Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
This gave the United States the right to build the canal across the Central American Isthmus. From this came the Panama canal we now know today. -
McKinley Assisinated
Persident William McKinley was assisinated and former "Rough Rider" Teddy Rosevelt becomes president of the United States and steps back into the spotlight after his dull position as Vice President. -
Bye Bye Troops
In 1902 the United States pulls its troops out of the terriroty of Cuba and it is given its independence. They feel now that Spain is no longer a threat and they can govern themselves. -
Tarrifs in Teritories
At this time America began managing the tarrifs in the dominican republic. Though a treaty was formed, the dominicans did not favor this because they wanted independence. This take over seemed to be a success in the end. -
Nobel Peace Prize
In 1906 Rosevelt recieves the Nobel Peace Prize after the international conference in spain. He sparked Americas peak in foreign relations and he managed to settel some North African problems. -
Oklahoma Becomes a State
Known as the "sooner state", the territory of Oklahoma became populated under the Homestead Act and eventually applied for statehood. -
Payne- Aldrige Tarrif
This tarrif was introdyuced to congress in 1909 by president Taft during a special sesson. The House passed the bill, but the senate added many amendments, making the bill quite revized by upward tarrifs. Nevertheless, Taft signed the bill and this began the split of the republican party. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
When the factory went up in flames in 1911, the lack of fire escapes turned the building into a trap. One Hundred and forty six women either jumped from the 9 story high windows or burned to death. -
Roosevelt Dam
The creation of this dam, in resopnse to the Newlands act of 1802, lead to the creation of dams across america in all major rivers. -
Trustbusting Taft
The split of the republican party and the hostitilty between william Howard taft and theodore Roosvelt was brought about by Tafts "trustbusting" acts starting in 1911. Taft encouraged the Supreme Court's dissolution of the Standard oil Company, he pressed a suit against the U.S. Steel company, and ranted and raved about the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. -
Wilson Elected
Because former presidents, Taft and Roosevelt and their ideas split the republican party and the vote; Wilson, the democratic candidate, easily won the presidential election. -
Bull Moose Campaign
In this up and comming election the two candidates put forth by the respective republican and democrat parties would be Wilson and Roosevelt. Willson would promote "New Freedom" , but even though he and Taft were spliting the republican party and the vote; he was said to feel as strong as a bumm moose. -
Nicaragua Uprising
Just proir to the completion of the Panama Canal, there was an uprising in Nicaragua. As usual, the united states took control of the matter and sent 2500 marines who would remain in the country for 13 years. -
Underwood Tarrif Bill
After calling congress to an emergency session, America realized what Wilson's main goal was, the tarrif. Soon the Underwood tarrif bill was passed and this provided a reduction of rates. Though lobyists tried to turj down the bill, the legislators listened to their president and it was apporved and passed. -
World War I begins
World War I involved nearly all of the world powers, During the four years of its occurance many many people were injured and killed; the war manily started becasue of the assination of the heir to the austrian throne. The United States entered thye war in 1915. -
Federal Trade Comission Act
After a third Congressional appearence by President wilson, The Federal Trade Commission Act was passed. This law allowed an appointed comission to search industries that participatedin interstate commerse and was created mainly to bring down monopolies, especially the meat-packing industries. -
Birth of A Nation
In 1915 the first full length movie was released, titled "The Birth of A Nation". This movie reflected the views of the KKK during reconstruction and discriminated against blacks and foreigners. -
Alice Paul and Womens Sufferage
In 1918 and years befor this, sufferagist Alice Paul and her National Womens Party lobbyed congress in favor of giving women the right to vote. These women went to all extents, even suffering in work camps to give women what we rightfuly have today. -
The 18th Amendment Ratified
The 18th amendment, prohibition, was added to the constitution this year and the Volstead Act was later implemented to enforce this amendment. -
The 19th Amenendment
In 1919, congress finally passed the 19th amendment giving Women the right to vote all thouughout America. -
The Harlem Rennisance
The 20's also brought about the rise of Black culture. This era known as the "Harlem Renisance" encouraged Jazz music and the careers of black writers and actors. -
Merchant Marine Act
This act allowed the military to become stronger by the mass production of ships for war. This came to personel benifit when the United States entered the war to fight the Germans with the allied powers. -
Arising Architecture
Beginning in the 1920's architecture was starting to advance more and more. skyscrapers were being built and people wanted to get away from the Roman and Greek style bulidings. Eventually thse new ideas would bring about the building of the Empire State Buliding in 1931. -
Emergency Quota Act of 1921
This act was created to limit the number of foreigners that could immigrate to america. The act allowed 3% of a nationalitys existance in America during 1910 to enter the country each year and no more. This act was obviously favorable to the southern and eastern europeans. -
Sacco & Vanzetti Trial
This was the trial to two socialist men in america that were convitcted if murder mainly because of their beliefs. This trial, occuring during the time known as the "red scare" ended in the execution of these two men who were most likely wrongly accused. -
The Joint Resolution
Since america never signed the Treaty of versailles, we were technically still at war with germany. In 1921 the jiont resolution was signed officially ending the war. -
High Tarrifs
In fear that America would go into a recession, the government wanted to keep the tarrifs high. Acts like the Fordney Mc Cumber tarrif raised the tarrif as much as 10 %. -
A new President
After the death of William Harding, Calvin Coolidge assumes the presidency in 1923. -
Immigration Act of 1924
This act enhanced and replaced the emergency quota act of 1921. The quotas were now cut from 3% to 2% and it was based upon the census of 1890 rather than the 1910 or 1920 census. -
Three Way Race for the Presidency
After his term had ended President Coolidge ran for re- election as the republican candidate in 1924. Although he won the election the democratic, and Pogressive party candidates, Davis and la Folette, won a good many votes themselves. -
Removal of troops
After being elected, president Coolidge began to use his power by removingsome of the American forces from Central and south America. Soldiers were removed from Hati, The Dominican Republic, and Nicagura; although they remained in Mexico because of conflicts there. -
Scopes Trial
John Scopes, a high school biology teacher, was sentenced to a 100 dollar fine for teaching Darwin's Theory of Evolution in his classroom. His trial became a famous showdown between evoloutionist Charles Darrow and biblical scholar William Jennings Bryan. In the end, Scopes was convicted but Darrow kept Bryan from giving his final speech. -
Goodbye Bryan
After the conclusion of the trial and his inability to give his final argument, the pinicle of his argument, William Jennings Bryan retired to his home. On Sunday he went to church, came home for a nap, and as his wife went to call him to diner she found him lying in bed dead. The trial was the end of Bryan, even though he succeded. -
A Writers Era
During the 1920's writing also came along with the movies and books like F. Scott Fitsgerald's "The Great Gatsby" were based on the roaring 20's and how life was during this time. -
The Jazz Singer
In 1927 the first movie with talking actors was released. The Jazz Singer was the story of a poor Jewish immigrant and starred Al Jolson. -
St. Valentines Day Massacre
Al Capone's gang tricks and murders an entire rival gang with a bootleging trap. Since he was not there and had an aliby, police could never tie Capone to the crime although he was highly suspected. -
New Writers Arise
New Writer Earnest Hemingway published his bestselling novel, "A Farewell to A5rms" in 1929 shortly after his publication of "The sun Also Rises". Hemingways books were inspired by the time he spent serving in WWI. -
Neutrality Acts
before America's entry into WWII, a serious of Newutrality acts were passed in an attempt to keep America out of the war. Each Act took a further step, raising taxes, forbidding foreign trade and loans, keeping america completly neutral. These acts did not last because and thought the attack on pearl Harbor was our specific reason for entering WWII, war was inevitable for America reguardless of these acts. -
Pearl Harbor
In early morning, 180 Japenese planes attacked this pacific naval base attempting to destroy three aircraft cariers. Their goal was not met, but they succeded in sinking 8 naval vessels and killing 2,400 Americans. The United States responded by declaring war on Japan 8 December 1941. -
Propaganda
During this time of war, propaganda became very popular. It was used in many ways to get people to support the war effort by enlisting, volunteering or buying victory bonds. Propoganda was also used to raise hatred for the opposing German and Japanese forces, showing them as the threat they were. -
African American Migration
Since many of roodevelts new deal programs employed only white people, unemployed african americans sought job oppurtunities in the north and west. During wartime, 1.6 million migrated but segragating still kept them from living amongst the whites. These people settled in small crowed areas of the citys we now k now as the "ghetto". -
Japenese Discrimination
After Pearl Harbor, americans began to mistreat the japanese americans and suspicians about them arose. In 1942 Roosevelt signed Executive order 9066 and Japenese were sent to intearnment camps. -
Korematsu v. U.S
Racism cases likie these uprose during this time. The govermnent was given the right to remove individuals during war time. -
Mexican Workers
At this time mexicans were brought over the boarder to help harvest crops and work in the American Industries to support the war effort. This programs lasted for 20 years. -
The Uprise of daycare
Since the men were all away fighting, women now had a bigger role to play. Jobs withing the buissinesses and industries needed to be upheald in order to keep the country going and it was up to the women to step up and take these positions. Because they had to leave their children at home, daycares were created along with the ideas of babysitting. -
Battle of Midway
Four Japenese aircraft carriers that were stationed in the pacific were located and attacked by american forces. These carriers were refueling and loading planes with bomba while all four of them, including 250 aircraft, were destroyed. This battle proved to be a turning in fighting in the pacific and gave america an airforce advantage. -
Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act of 1943
This act prevented strikes and allowed the govermnent to take over any buisuness that was striking.
