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National Labor Union Organized
The Union represented various types of workers and worked for arbitration of industrial disputes and eight hour workdays. -
Transcontinental Railroad Joined
The railroad, joined in Utah, served as a vital link for trade, commerce, and travel that united the eastern and western halves of the United States. -
Standard Oil Company Organized
Standard Oil, founded by John D. Rockefeller, was a predominant American oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. -
Tweed Scandal
Tamany Hall employed bribery, cunning, and fradulent elections to illegally get as much as $200 million in New York City. -
Panic of 1873
Overspeculation caused thousands of businesses to enter bankruptcy. -
Resumption Act Passed
The act provided for the replacement of the Civil War fractional currency by silver coins and reduced the greenback total. -
Civil Rights Act of 1875
The act guaranteed equal accommodations in public places and prohibited racial discrimination in jury selection, but the law was not enforced. -
Telephone Invented
Alexander Graham Bell created a faster method of communication. -
Compromise of 1877
The Compromise of 1877 settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election and ended Reconstruction. -
Reconstruction Ends
The Compromise of 1877 required the removal of federal troops in the South, thus limiting protection for African-Americans. -
Electric Lightbulb Invented
Thomas Edison overcame the obstacle to finding a light bulb that would burn long enough to become commercially viable. -
Garfield Assassinated
Charles Guiteau shot Garfield at a railroad station assuming that Arthur would reward him with a political position. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
A federal law passed in response to complaints by workers on the West Coast forbidding the immigration of Chinese laborers into the United States. -
Interstate Commerce Act
The Interstate Commerce Act created an Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee the conduct of the railroad industry. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
It was the first federal statute to limit cartels and monopolies and requires the United States federal government to investigate and pursue any organization suspected of violating the Act. -
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
It required the U.S. government to purchase nearly twice as much silver as before and added substantially to the amount of money already in circulation. -
McKinley Tariff Act
The act increased rates to their highest peacetime level ever (48.4%). -
Homestead Strike
The steel plant near Pittsburgh called in 300 armed Pinkerton guards to stop a strike by steelworkers angry over pay cuts. -
Coeur d'Alene District Strike
Federal troops bloodily quelled a strike among silver miners in Idaho. -
Depression of 1893
It was a serious economic depression in the United States that was influenced by causes such as overspeculation, labor disorders, agricultural depression, etc. -
Carey Act
The act distributed federal land to the States on the condition that it be irrigated and settled. -
Cubans Revolt
Spain misgoverned and oppressed the Cubans, so the Cubans revolted. -
Utah Admitted to the Union
Utah was admitted after the Mormons banned polygamy. -
Dingley Tariff Act
The tariff raised the tariff to 46.5%, rates that were as high as the McKinley Act of 1890. -
Maine Explosion
The Maine mysteriously blew up in Havana harbor. The American public, who was ready for war, believed that the Spanish government was at fault. -
Teller Amendment
It stated that when the U.S. overthrew Spanish rule in Cuba, the U.S. would give Cubans their independence. -
Dewey's Victory at Manila Bay
Assistant Secretary of the Navy Teddy Roosevelt cabled Commodore George Dewey in Hong Kong to attack Spain’s Philippines in the event of war. Dewey carried out his orders and defeated the Spanish fleet in Manila by the next day. -
Hawaii Annexed
Congress annexed Hawaii and granted residents U.S. citizenship. -
Gold Standard Act
It provided that the paper currency be redeemed freely in gold. -
Foraker Act
The act gave Puerto Rico limited popular government. -
McKinley’s Assassination
McKinley was in office 6 more months before he was assassinated; Roosevelt assumes the presidency. -
Platt Amendment
It was written into the constitution of Cuba by the U.S., and in effect, made Cuba a U.S. protectorate. -
Supreme Court Insular Cases
The Supreme Court ruled that the Constitution did not necessarily apply to newly acquired areas; people living in territories might be subject to American rule, but not American rights. -
Newlands Act
The act authorized the federal government to collect money from the sale of public lands in the dry western States and use the funds for irrigation projects. -
Elkins Act
Heavy fines could now be imposed both on the railroads that gave rebates and on the shippers that excepted them. -
Lochner v. New York
The Supreme Court invalidated a New York law establishing a 10-hour day for bakers. -
Gentlemen’s Agreement
Japan agreed to stop immigration to America by withholding passports. -
Great White Fleet
Roosevelt orders the entire battleship fleet on a highly visible voyage around the world. -
Oklahoma Admitted to the Union
The Territory of Oklahoma was joined with the Indian territory and admitted to the Union as the State of Oklahoma. -
Root-Takahira Agreement
It pledged both powers to respect each other’s territorial possessions in the Pacific and to uphold the Open Door in China. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire
Violations of fire codes (such as locked doors) caused 146 workers, most of them young immigrant women, to die. -
Standard Oil Anti-Trust Case
The Supreme Court ordered the break up of the Standard Oil Company, which was judged to be in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890. -
Panama Canal Tolls Act
This act exempted American shipping from tolls, but the British protested this act and it was repealed in 1914. -
Children’s Bureau
The Children's Bureau is a U.S. federal agency that works to improve efforts towards child abuse prevention, foster care, and adoption. -
Sixteenth Amendment
It allowed graduated (increasing by the amount of money you make) income tax. -
Seventeenth Amendment Passed
It established the direct election of U.S. senators and was intended to eliminate corruption, give the people more of a voice, and improve the caliber of senators. -
Underwood Tariff Act
This tariff substantially reduced rates. -
Federal Reserve Act
This act was a response to the Panic of 1907 and concerns of business. It created the Federal Reserve Board. -
Clayton Anti-Trust Act
It strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, exempted labor and agricultural organizations from antitrust prosecution, and legalized strikes and peaceful picketing. -
Federal Trade Commission Act
It created a commission to investigate industries engaged in interstate commerce. -
Eighteenth Amendment Ratified
This amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, or consumption of alcohol. -
American Legion Founded
Veterans were able to meet and share old stories, thus relieving some problems. -
Volstead Act
The Volstead Act defined alcoholic beverages and imposed criminal penalties for violations of the 18th Amendment. -
Red Scare Begins
Because of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, a period of fear of communists in America began. -
Merchant Marine Act
This act authorized the Shipping Board, which controlled about 1,500 vessels, to dispose of much of the hastily built wartime fleet at low bargain prices. -
Radio Broadcasting Begins
The earliest radio programs reached only local audiences, but by the late 1920s, technological improvements made long-distance broadcasting possible. -
Esch-Cummins Transportation Act
This act encouraged private consolidation of the railroads and pledged the Interstate Commerce Commission to guarantee their profitability. -
Capper-Volstead Act
This act exempted farmers’ marketing cooperatives from antitrust prosecution. -
Emergency Quota Act
This act restricted immigrants to 3% of the people of their nationality who had been living in the U.S. in 1910. -
Sacco-Vanzetti Trial
Sacco and Vanzetti were charged with murder and tried by a prejudice judge and jury. -
Five-Power Naval Treaty
Secretary Hughes submitted a plan for a 10-year pause on the construction of battleships and for scrapping some of them. -
Fordney-McCumber Tariff
Duties on farm produce were increased to equalize American and foreign production, and tariff rates were increased from 27% to 38.5%. -
Harding Dies
President Harding dies of pneumonia and thrombosis on a speechmaking tour across the country. -
Adkins v. Children's Hospital
The courts reversed its decision in Muller v. Oregon, which had declared women to be deserving of special protection in the workplace, and invalidated a minimum-wage law for women. Because of the 19th Amendment, women were the legal equals of men, and they could no longer be protected by special legislation. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
This scandal involved naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming and Elk Hill, California. It lowered the prestige of the Washington government and undermined faith in the courts. -
Immigration Act
The immigration quota was cut from 3% to 2% and shifted to the census of 1890. -
Scopes Trial
A high-school biology teacher, John T. Scopes, was indicted for teaching evolution in a Tennessee town that had made the teaching of the theory illegal. -
Talking Motion Pictures
The Jazz Singer, the first talking movie, was released starring Al Jolson. -
Lindbergh's Flight
Lindbergh was the first person to fly a solo flight across the Atlantic for a prize of $25,000. His plane, called the Spirit of St. Louis, went from New York to Paris in 33 hours and 39 minutes. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
The provisions of this treaty included the peaceful settlement of all conflicts, the initiation of all wars being based on self-defense, and the renunciation of war. -
Tydings-McDuffie Act
This act gave independence to the Philippines after a 12-year period. -
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
This act provided for the negotiation of tariff agreements between the United States and separate nations, particularly Latin American countries. It resulted in a reduction of duties. -
Spanish Civil War Begins
Spanish rebels, headed by fascist General Francisco Franco, rebelled against the republican government. -
Japan Invades China
Chinese and Japanese troops clashed at Marco Polo Bridge near Beijing while America remained neutral. -
Panay Incident
Japanese pilots sunk the Panay, an American gunboat. This could have provoked war, but Japan quickly made apologies and payments. -
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Munich Conference
The leaders of Britain and France met with Hitler in Munich, Germany. They appeased Germany – giving them the Sudetenland. -
Nazi - Soviet Nonaggression Pact
The Soviet Union signed a nonaggression pact with Hitler. This meant that Hitler did not have to worry about a second front with the Soviets while invading western Europe. -
Neutrality Act of 1939
This act provided that European democracies might buy American war supplies, but only if they transported them after paying in cash. -
Havana Conference
America and 20 Latin American nations agreed to keep Germany out of the former colonies of the Netherlands, Denmark, and France. -
War with Japan
Congress declared war on Japan after the attack at Pearl Harbor.
