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Period: to
Cold War Espionage
Who: majorly Soviet Union v. U.S.
When: End of WWII - the Collapse of the Soviet Union
What: Rivalries attempt to gather intelligence on the enemies. Primary focuse on nuclear programs, space programs, millitary plans and bases.
Significance:
USSR shortened the time to build atomic bomb. (Mutually Assured Destruction)
Tech developments ex: military spy drones, satellites, and the space program.
Precipitate the USSR economy collapse and overall collapse of the Soviet Union. -
NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
Who: between Western European countries (Called during the Cold War)and U.S.
What: an intergovernmental military alliance beased on the Nrth Atlantic Treaty.
Its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. -
Period: to
The Warren Court
Who: Earl Warren
What: First Lieutenant; attorney General then governor of CA; US Chief Justice
Pivotal Cases- Reshape political culture
1954 Brown v. Board of Education
1962 Baker v. Carr
Engel v. Vitale
1965 Griswold v. CT
1966 Miranda v. AZ Significance: Negative repercussions in the SOuth and increased tensions; futher desegregation; inspired trend of judicial conservatism.
He made the court a power center on a more even base with Congress and the Presidency. -
Period: to
Children's Crusade
Who: 2,000 African American children
Where: Birmingham, Alabama.
What: Children got onto street for marching non-violence movements, segregation, civil rights. (Try to talk to Alabama Governor Goerge wallac in 1962, a strong segregation supporter and advocator). Project "C"
Nonviolent Protests, marches, boycotts, sit-ins Protestor treatments ("bull" Connor)
Bit by dogs, high pressure water, hail in jail
A pivotal civil rights movement fought in the most segregated city leads march inDC, acts -
The Assassination of John F. Kennedy
where: In Dallas, Texas.
What: JFK was shot by Lee Harvey Oswald (been shot 2 days later by Jack Ruby). Doubts on Russians, Cubans, and the Mafias.
Then:
Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president.
instates the Warren Commission (founded 1963).
Significants:
Confusion of the society, during the cold war cause people's imaginations on the war.
1,000,000 people viewed the funeral, a great impact in America, he was a great leader.
The assassination was not responded, Mafia and CIA behind assassination. -
The National Organization for Women (NOW)
Who: women
What: missions for equality, abortion rights, reporductive freedom, opposing racism, ending violence against women.
Significance: Legislation of abortion, march for women's lives, Belmont vs. Belmont, Equalrights amendment (not passed).
Feminism Movements 1950-60 46% outside works, 75% low-paying jobs
Influencial women:
Betty Friedan, Pauli Murray -
The My Lai Massacre
Who: US's Charlie Company, Commander Lieutenant
Where: at Hamlets of My Lai and My Khe
What: between 347 to 504 people died, not just a death
army's training. US soldiers kill Vietnamese
Causes:
Soliders are young, 87% graduated from high school, poor training on soliders.
Bad influence from officers.
Growing Frustration and miscommunication between the US and Vietnam soldiers.
March 14, 2 soliders killed by a bomb. Signijicance:
Huge spire in the anti-war movement
human treat on enemies -
The Stonewall Riots
Who: Customers and Police officers
Where: Stonewall Inn, Greenwich Village, Lower Manhattan, NYC.
What: 8 officers let the custmers to out, gay as see a crime, gay have no rights to protest for discriminations. 2,000 protesters the next day. Significance: The Gay Liberation Front is formed on July, 1969.Activism spread world wide. The spark of Gay Rights Movements, turning point of world gay rights.
Changes:
DADT repealed (1993-2011). -
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Woodstock Music and Art Fair and Quarian Exposition
Who: 33 Performers & half a million audiences and participants.
Where: Bethel, NY.
What: A free concert helf for young people. 2 death and 2 birth. Parking, lack of food and medical care.
Who's in charge? John Robert a young millionaire UP; Joel Rosenman a Yale law graduate; Artie Kornfeld head of Contemporary Products at Capitol Records; Michael Lang organizer of the Miami Pops Festival. Significance: Prove to the nation the power of youth, youth should invole in government.
Counter-culture. -
Altamont Speedway Free Concert
Who: The Hell's Angels, audience, performors,
Where: Livermore, California
What: last rolling stone sivist concert in America. Hell's Angel-- motocycle gang, were paid in $500 dollars in beer
beat 850 people and four killed. Significance: bad influence, athe end of a good feeling era -
The First Earth Day
Who: Denis Hayes.(Coordi)
What: 20 million participants around the country. NY and Philadelphia remarkable.
Significance: impacted Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Endangered Species Act, Environmental Protect Agency. Brought the worldwide awareness of protecting the earth and environment.
Influences:
Silent Spring (1962)
by Rachel Carson
First Book to analyze the environment crisis
Attention in 1969: Oil Spill in Santa Barbra; Cuyahoga River caught fire.
Senator of Wisconsin Gaylord Nelson -
kent State Shooting
Where: Kent State University.
Who: college students and Guardsmen.
What: The student protesters at KSU against the Vietnam war and the gaurdsmen. 4 students killed 9 people injured. Build up:
SDS Student Democratic Society, 1961-68 active and popular
38,000 troops were killed
Apr 30th, Nixon anounced further invasion in Cambodia- betrayed his pledge. (May 1-4)
Significance: James. A Rhodes (Ohio) national Guards Troops on campus. Anti-violence movement, anti-vietnam war movement. Profound. -
The Watergate Scandall
Who: Nixon administrations
Where: Watergate Complex, Democratic National Committee(DNC).
What: 5 Richard Nixon's Subordinates broke into the DNC headquarter for President's democratic opponents' info. Nixon denied for dirty tricks. He hold for Executive privilege.
Why?
CREEP
Nixon's Paranoia
Protection of the privacy of the ecutive Branch
Significance: break the executive brank trust among citizens, Nixon lost political support, nearly certain of impeacethe first and only president resigned -
Roe v. Wade
Who: Norma McCorvey (Jane Roe)
Where: TX.
What: Joe wanted an abortion, TX law prohibited abortion except to save a woman's life. Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee v. Henry B. Wade distric attorney of Dallas, TX. Court SIde with Roe.
Significance: Roe fought for all women, argued that TX laws vague and vilated her rights personal privacy. 4th, 9th, 13th, 14th protection for the privacy. the topic is still hot and controversy. -
Three Mile Island
Who: residents and US.
Where: Middletown, PA
What: TMI-2 suffered a partial meltdown, feedwater pumps stooped suplying water to TMI0w's steam generators(overheated). The safety system activated-Backup feedwater pumps turned on to cool the system down-were closed-operator's careless fault. Significance: Impacted people's perception of nuclear pwoer for over 33 years.Raised serious concerns inter-naitonally.Some radioactive gase was relased, but no noticeable health effects on the residents. -
Ronal Reagan Attempted Assassination.
Who: Ronal Reagan, John Hinckley Jr.
Where:
What: John Hinckley wants to kill the president to impress teen actress Jodie Foster.
Significance: Lead the public attention on gun control, and safety percautions. Also due to John's insane, it spir the Insanity Defense Reform Act in 1984. Moreover, this incident make President Reagon even more connected with people, Space Craft, Equal Rights. -
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Sandra Day O'Connor
Who: Sandra Day O'Conner (1930-)
What: Chief Justic in Arizona, California, who was born in El Caso, TX Sandra studys economics at Stanford University. Because of unemployment and family facts, Sandra sets up great goals (law) and becomes the first lady in the court, selected by Reagon who's campaign:"nominate a qualified women to the court". Her famous cases are gender discrimination 1982, and abortion in 1989 (controversial).
Significance: Influence on women, 12x of law grads from 1980 to70. -
Iran Contra Affair
Who: President Ronald Reagon
Where: Iran.
What: Iranian Terrorists held six Americans hostage in Lebanon, Reagon wants to fight back. Iranians were actually paying for the weapons. Congress was oppsed to another war (Containment policy), Boland Amendment (1982) explicityly forbade U.S. aid to the Nicaraguan Contras. President denied of the affair. North and Poindexter. Meese (CJ) correct the President that actually happened.
No proof found, Later PResident Bush pardoned 6 of them.
Profound. -
The Fall of the Berlin Wall
Who: East German and Government
Where: Berlin, Germany
What: East German allow to cross this infamous border for the 1st time since August, 1961. Due to the announce by the politburo member Gunter Schobowski that the border is no longer availiable. This "fortified border" after 29 years seperation between the east and the west comes to an end. This border was set as a symblization of division between two sides of politics, coutries, and lives.
Significance: Symbolize the end of the Cold War -
Yufei
Who: Yufei
What: Is amazing
Where: At CSG and EVERYWHERE Significance: The whole school is bettered by her presence!