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Slavery Ends in Neth Indies
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Britain formally returns Mosquito Coast to Nicaragua
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American College established in Rome
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Thomas Clemson takes office as 1st US superintendent of agriculture
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organized baseball played in San Francisco for the first Time
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Lincoln Receives Presidential Nomination
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Democrats Nominate 2 Other Candidates
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Lincoln Elected President
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The First Secession Convention meets in SC
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South Carolina Secedes from Union
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King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia becomes first King of Italy
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Russian Tsar Alexander II abolishes serfdom [NS=Mar 3]
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Alexander II of Russia signs the Emancipation Manifesto, freeing serfs and granted them the full rights of free citizens [OS=Feb 19]
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Lincoln is inaugurated as the 16th US President
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West African political leader El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Segou, destroying the Bambara Empire of Mali
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Italy is unified into a single kingdom under Victor Emmanuel II following the campaigns led by Giuseppe Garibaldi
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Robert E Lee named commander of Virginia Confederate forces
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Battle of Bull Run, the 1st major battle of the Civil War, is fought
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Pony Express (Missouri to California) ends after 19 month
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22,990mm of rain falls in Cherrapunji Assam in India in 1861, a world record
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Paper currency (greenbacks) introduced in US by President Abraham Lincoln
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First pasteurization test completed by Frenchmen Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard
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New Orleans falls to Union forces during US Civil War
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US Homestead Act becomes law which provides cheap land for the settlement of the American West
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Robert E Lee takes command of Confederate armies of North Virgin during US Civil War
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Slavery outlawed in US territories
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General Lee invades the North with 50,000 Confederate troops during US Civil war
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Battle of Antietam [Battle of Sharpsburg], bloodiest day in the American Civil War 23,110 die in first battle on Union soil
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Prussia Minister President Otto von Bismarck's delivers his "Blood & Iron" speech
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Otto von Bismarck becomes Chancellor of the German Empire
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Emancipation Proclamation issued by Abraham Lincoln to free slaves in US confederate states
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1st homestead under the Homestead Act claimed, near Beatrice, Nebraska
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Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Bahá'í Faith, enters gardens of Rivden, near Baghdad. Makes the declaration of aha'u'llah during 12 days spent there
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Battle of Gettysburg, Pa; Lee's northward advance halted
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Battle of Gettysburg: Largest battle ever fought on the American continent, ends in a major victory for the Union during the US Civil War
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Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.
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International conference begins in Geneva aimed at improving medical conditions on battlefields - beginning of the Red Cross
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Football Association forms in England, standardizing soccer, splitting with rugby
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US President Lincoln delivers his Gettysburg address beginning; "Four score & seven years ago..."
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Lincoln issues his Amnesty Proclamation and plan for Reconstruction of the South
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Charing Cross Station opens in London
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Battle of Cosby Creek, TN
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Yvette Guilbert, French singer and actress (d. 1944)
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Civil War skirmish at Kelly's Ford, Va
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Battle of Fair Gardens, TN
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Battle of Gate Pa (Pukehinahina): 1,700 British troops suffer their worst defeat of the New Zealand Wars at the hands of 230 entrenched Maori warriors in Tauranga
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US Civil War Battle of Mobile Bay won by the Union led by Rear Admiral Farragut with the cry "Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead!"
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First Geneva Convention adopted in Geneva "for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field"
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Union General William T. Sherman captures and burns Atlanta during US Civil War
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Most of Calcutta destroyed by cyclone, approx 60,000 die
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US President Lincoln formally establishes Thanksgiving as a national holiday
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Apr 26th] Carolinas' campaign
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Con Orem & Hugh O'Neill box 193 rounds before darkness ends match
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The New York Stock Exchange opens its first permanent headquarters at 10-12 Broad near Wall Street in New York City.
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Battle of Beverly, West Virginia, Confederate forces attack Union post
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Union fleet bombs Fort Fisher NC
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SF Dramatic Chronicle started
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Drunken sailor attacks munitions at Ft Fisher NC, 40 die
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Gen Wm Sherman issues Field Order #15 (land for blacks)
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Battle of Ft Moultrie, SC
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Union occupies Fort Anderson, NC
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Fisk University opens in Nashville, Tennessee
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Steamship London sinks in storm off Land's End, England and kills 220
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The Royal Aeronautical Society is formed in London.
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Bedrich Smetana's opera "Branibori v Cechach" premieres in Prague
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Wesley College is established in Melbourne
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Prim's Insurrection in Spain ends
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Rafael Altamira Crevea, Spanish lawyer/historian
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Benedetto Croce, Italy, humanist/historian/editor/philosopher
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Herbert Henry Dow, pioneer in US chemical industry (Dow Chemical)
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Solomon Foot, American politician (b. 1802)
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charles Edward Montague, English author/critic (Fiery Particles)
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Emily Green Balch, US, sociologist/feminist/pacifist (Nobel 1946)
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Edward B. Titchener, British psychologist.
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Victor Cousin, French philosopher/minister of Education, dies at 74
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Carl Laemmle, German-born film executive (d. 1939)
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James Marcus, New York, American actor (The Eagle, The Lonely Trail)
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British North America Act is passed in the House of Commons, serves as Canada's constitution for more than 100 years
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US buys Alaska from Russia for $7,200,000 (2 cents an acre - Seward's Folly)
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Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel patents dynamite
