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Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
Under the leadership of Henry Clay, Congress passed a series of agreements in which Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state. The rest of the Louisiana territory was split into two parts. -
Abolition
Movement to abolish slavery -
Santa Fe trail
stretched 780 miles from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe in the Mexican province of New Mexico. Settlers and traders used the trail with goods. -
San Felipe de Austin
Main settlement of the colony established by Stephen F. Austin. He obtained permission to do so from Spain and then Mexico after it had won independence, to carry out his fathers project. No "drunkards, gamblers, profane swearer" were allowed. -
Mexico abolishes slavery
This was a problem because many of the settlers were Southerners who had brought slaves with them to Texas. Mexico, had abolishing slavery in 1829, insisted that the Texans free their slaves. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Led by Nat Turner who was a Virginia slave. Turner and more than 50 followers attacked four plantations and killed 60 whites. They were found and executed. -
The Liberator
William Lloyd Garrison was a white abolitionist and young editor. Established the Liberator to deliver an uncompromising demand: immediate emancipation. -
Stephen F. Austin goes to jail
Austin had traveled to Mexico City to present petitions to Mexican president Antonio Lopez for greater self-government for Texas. On the way home, Santa Anna had Austin imprisoned for inciting revolution. -
Oregon Trail
Stretched from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon. Blazed in 1836 by two Methodists missionaries named Marcus and Narcissa Whitman. Drove wagons as far as Fort Boise and proved that wagons could travel on the Oregon Trail. -
Texas Revolution
the 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico. -
Manifest Destiny
the 19th century belief that the United States would inevitably expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into the Mexican territory. -
Texas enters the United States
Texans hoped that the US would annex their republic but US opinion divided along sectional lines. Southerners wanted Texas in order to extend slavery which had already been established there. Northerners thought annexation of more slave territory would anger the Senate and create war with Mexico. -
Mexican-American War
War between United States and United Mexican States. Mexico lost 1/3 or its territory now California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico. United States didn't want another slave state added. -
The North Star
Newspaper started by Frederick Douglass. He named it after the star that guided runaway slaves to freedom. Hoped that abolition could be achieved without violence. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Ended the US war with Mexico in which Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the US. US paid $15 million for the Mexican cession including:New Mexico, Utah, most of Arizona, parts of Colorado and Wyoming. -
Harriet Tubman
A famous conductor born a slave in 1820. Her owner died in 1849 and feared that she would be sold so she made a breakout to Philadelphia and succeeded. She made 19 trips back and helped 300 slaves including her parents. -
Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay worked to shape a compromise that both the North and South could accept. North: provided California be admitted to the Union as a free state. South: proposed new and more effective fugitive slave law. Both: popular sovereignty= the right to vote or against slavery. -
Fugitive Slave Act
Alleged fugitive slaves were not entitled to a trail by jury. Anyone who helped the fugitive escape was fined $1000 and imprisoned for up to 6 months. Others still helped slaves excape. -
Underground railroad
secret network of free African Americans and white abolitionists developed the system of escape routes. One of the conductors is Harriet Tubman. It was to hide fugitives to provide with food and clothing. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
written by Harriet Beecher Stowe which stressed that slavery wasn't just a political contest but a struggle. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
allowed people in territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. -
Dread Scott v. Sandford
A slave whose owner took him from Missouri to free territory in Illinois and Wisconsin and back to Missouri. Argued that living on free grounds makes him a free man. Supreme court ruled against Dred Scott. -
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas Debates
Douglas=democrat; popular soveriegnty; WON
Lincoln=republican; immoral
Both believed slavery was bad and wanted it out -
John Brown's raid/ Harpers Ferry
believed that it was time for uprisings. Led band of 21 men to Harpers Ferry to seize the federal arsenal and start slave uprising. -
Abraham Lincoln becomes president
Republicans nominated and won with hostility from Southerners -
Formation of the Confederacy
delegates from secessionist states met in Alabama to form the confederacy. Also wrote a constitution. Jefferson Davis as president. Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. -
Attack on Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter was an island in Charleston harbor. Lincoln sent in food for hungry men. Confederate batteries began bombing the citizens.Major Robert Anderson later surrendered and evacuated. -
Battle of Bull run
Bloodshed occurred 3 months after the fall of fort Sumter. The Union army gained upper hand in morning but the Confederates held in with the help of General Thomas J, Jackson. He got the name Stonewall Jackson. -
Battle at Antietam
McClellan and Robert E. Lee fought near creek Antietam. Bloodiest battle in American history; more than 26,000 casualties. Instead of pursuing the Confederate army into Virginia and possibly ending the war, McClellan did nothing and Lincoln removed him from command. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Didn't free slaves immediately since it only applied to areas behind Confederate lines, outside Union control. It gave the war a moral purpose by turning the struggle into a fight to free slaves and ensured that compromise was not possible. -
Conscription
Drafted men into the army. -
Income Tax
Congress collected these to pay for war. Takes a specified percentage of an individual's income. -
Battle at Vicksburg
General Ulysses S. Grant fought to take Vicksburg ( one of the two remaining strongholds on the MS river. Weakened Defenses that protected it, sent Grierson to destroy lines and distract Conf. forces. The Union had achieved two major objectives, Confederacy was cut in two. -
Battle at Gettysburg
most decisive war fought. Confederate soldiers, led by A.P. Hill encountered several brigades of Union cavalry under command of John Buford, experienced officer from Illinois. Lasted 3 days. -
Gettysburg Address
Speech delivered by Lincoln at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg. For the people who lost their lives during the war. -
Sherman's March
Sherman began march SE through Georgia to the sea creating path of destruction. His army burned down almost every house in its path and destroyed livestock/railroads. Goal: make southerners sick of war. Burned almost all of Atlanta. -
Surrender at Appomattox Court House
Lee and Grant met at a private home to arrange Confederate surrender. Grant released Lee's soldiers and sent them home with possession and 3 days worth of rations. Ended Civil war. -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
John Wilkes Booth- 25 year old actor and Southern sympathizer.
Lincoln and his wife went to Ford's theatre in Washington to see a British Comedy. Booth believed that Lincoln was determined to overthrow the Constitution and to destroy his beloved South. -
Thirteenth Amendment
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States"
