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Abolition
The movement to abolish slavery during the 19th century, most important series of reform movements in America. -
Missouri Compromise 1820-1821
- Northerners and Southerners disagreed on whether Missouri should be admitted as a free state or a slave state
- Behind the leadership of Henry Clay, Congress passed a series of agreements - Missouri Compromise
- Maine was admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state
- rest of Louisiana Territory was split into two parts
- South of the line, slavery was legal; North of the line—except in Missouri—slavery was banned
- James Monroe was the president
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Santa Fe Trail
- The settlers and traders who made the trek west used a series of old Native American trails as well as new routes
- One of the busiest routes; stretched 780 miles from Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe in the Mexican province of New Mexico
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San Felipe de Austin
Set up with the land that Stephen's dad received, in Stephen's honor. Main settlement of the colonies built between the Brazos and Colorado river. "No drunkard, no gambler, no profane swearer, and no idler" would be allowed. To make this possible he asked for permission from Spain and then Mexico. -
The Liberator
Written by William Lloyd Garrison, it was a antislavery paper that delivered an uncompromising demand of immediate emancipation of slavery. -
Mexico abolishes slavery
This was a problem for Mexico because Mexican politics had become increasingly unstable. -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
Tuner, a Virginia slave, and 50 others attacked 4 plantations and killed about 60 whites. -
Stephen F. Austin goes to jail
He goes to jail in 1833 when he traveled to Mexico City to petition greater self-government for Texas and on his way home Santa Anna had Austin imprisoned for inciting revolution. -
Oregon Trail
- stretched from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon City, Oregon
- Methodist missionaries (Marcus and Narcissa Whitman) drove their wagon as far as Fort Boise (near present-day Boise, Idaho) & proved that wagons could travel on the Oregon Trail
- many pioneers migrated west on the Oregon Trail; some bought “prairie schooners,” wooden-wheeled wagons covered with sailcloth and pulled by oxen
- Most walked pushing handcarts loaded with a few precious possessions, food, other
- took months
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Texas Revolution
The 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico. -
Manifest Destiny
- Many believed that movement westward was predestined by God
- “manifest destiny” expressed the belief that the United States was ordained to expand to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican and Native American territory
- also believed that this destiny was manifest (inevitable)
- had practical reasons for moving west: settlers - the abundance of land was the greatest attraction
- As the number of western settlers climbed, merchants and manufacturers followed, seeking new markets for their goods.
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Texas Enters the United States
Texas entered the Union on December 29, 1945. Southerners favored Texas so that they can extend slavery but Northerners feared the annexation of Texas because the expanding of slavery -
Mexican-American War
It was a battle for land- Mexico fought to keep what they thought was their property and the U.S. fought to gain back the disputed land of Texas and to gain more of Mexico's northern land. -
The North Star
Douglass' anti slavery newspaper, star because helped guide the slaves to freedom. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
U.S. kept gaining victory over Mexico so Mexico admitted the defeat; after a year of fighting they signed a treaty that said Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico and ceded the New Mexico and California territories to the U.S. and the U.S. agreed to pay $15 million for the Mexican cession. -
Compromise of 1850
A set of resolutions that Clay presented to the Senate with the help of Daniel Webster, a compromise that both the North and South would accept.
-California be admitted as a free state
-new and more effective fugitive slave law -
Fugitive Slave Act
Anyone who was seen helping a fugitive was expected to pay a fine of $1000 and jailed up to 6 months.
Organized a "vigilance committees" and violence to protest -
Underground Railroad
Free African Americans and white abolitionists developed this to hide fugitive slaves in secret tunnels that provided them with food and clothes and helped them escape. -
Harriet Tubman
One of the most famous conductors; when her owner died she feared that she was going to be sold so she successfully fled to Philadelphia, helped 300 slaves plus her parents escape. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe published her novel that stressed that slavery was not just a political contest, but also a great moral struggle -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Senator Stephen Douglas proposed this act, it proposed that Nebraska be in the north and Kansas in the south, Missouri Compromise would be repealed. -
Dread Scott v. Sandford
He was a slave whose owner took him from the slave state of Missouri to free territory in Illinois and Wisconsin and back to Missouri. He stated that being in a free territory made him a free man. The Court ruled against him and said he was not able to sue in the federal court because he was not, and never will be, a citizen being in a free territory did not make someone a free man. -
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas Debates
Debate was about the issue of slavery in the territories. Douglas believed in popular sovereignty but Lincoln believed that slavery was immoral, Douglas won the debate although there was a split in Democratic Party -
John Brown's raid/Harpers Ferry
Brown led a band of 21 black and white men into Harpers Ferry, Virginia- his goal was to seize the federal arsenal there and start a general slave uprising, later he was tried and put to death -
Abraham Lincoln becomes president
1860 presidential election- was successful because of his modesty and the democratic party -
Attack on Fort Sumter
When: April 12,1861
Confederate soldiers destroyed Fort Sumter on an island in Charleston Harbor.
Result: Confederate army marched away in cheers, the fort was neither to be abandoned or reinforced. -
Formation of the Confederacy
Formed: February 1861. Delegates from the secessionist states met in Montgomery, Alabama to form the Confederacy and also made a new constitution that was similar to the U.S.'s but not quite.
Jefferson Davis was the president, states that joined were Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas -
Battle of Bull Run
When: 3 months after the attack on Fort Sumter
In the morning the Union army gained possession and then in the afternoon, Confederate helped win the first Southern victory
Result: Confederate were too exhausted, predicted the war was over, and the soldiers left the army and went home -
Battle at Antietam
When: September 17, 1862
When McClellan found out that Robert E. Lee, who led the Confederate army, and Stonewall Jackson's army was separated, he sent his men to attack Lee and fought near a creek called Antietam
Result: more than 26,000 dead, McClellan did nothing to end the war so Lincoln removed him from command -
Battle at Vicksburg
Ulysses S. Grant fought to take Vicksburg, one of the two remaining Confederate strongholds on the Mississippi River, while Meade's Army of to Potomac was destroying Confederate hopes in Gettysburg. -
Emancipation Proclamation
When: Lincoln issued it on January 1, 1863.
Effect: this proclamation gave the war a moral purpose by turning the struggle into a fight to free slaves-compromise was no loner possible
Lincoln proposed this to emancipate slaves, but did not free slaves immediately -
Battle at Gettyburg
Started when Confederate soldiers led by A.P. Hill encountered several brigades of Union cavalry under the command of John Buford, an experienced officer from Illinois. -
Gettysburg address
President Lincoln's speech "remade America," it was to dedicate cemetery in Gettysburg -
Sherman's March
Sherman started southeast through Georgia to the sea, creating a wide spread of destruction, his army destroyed houses, livestocks, and railroads -
Thirteenth Amendment
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.” -
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln and his wife were in the Ford's theatre to see a British comedy when he was shot in the back of the head, he survived less than 24 hours and died on April 15th, 1865. John Wilkes Booth killed him. -
Surrender at Appomattox Court House
Sherman started southeast through Georgia to the sea, creating a wide spread of destruction, his army destroyed houses, livestocks, and railroads
When Union troops conquered Richmond, the Confederate capital, Lee and Grant met to arrange a confederate surrender; Grant sent Lee's soldiers back home with their possession and 3 days worth of rations. This marked the end of the Civil War. 1865 -
Income Tax
A tax that takes a specified percentage of an individual's income -
Conscription
Draft that forced men to serve in the army, led to draft riots
