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Dredscott vs Sanford
This is when the Supreme Court ruled American citizenship would not be extended to African Americans. Therefor, they could not except protection from federal government or the courts. -
13th amendment
The 13th amendment abolished slavery in all US states and territory. This amendment was necessary because the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery entirely. This amendment began the long term goal for achieving equality for all Americans. -
15th amendment
This amendment guaranteed African American men the right to vote. Voting for them was almost non existent in places like the South. This was because of threats, violence, unethical practices, etc. -
Jim Crow Era
These laws were state and local in the Southern states. These enforced racial segregation. People who decided to not follow these laws were faced with consequences like arrest , fines, etc. -
14th amendment
The 14th amendment granted citizenship to people born or naturalized in the U.S. This amendment also gave people including formal enslaved, with equal protection under the law. -
Plessy vs Ferguson
This was an important supreme court case whether racial segregation laws were constitutional. This affected segregation in the U.S because it strengthened it in public accommodations and services. This happened when Homer decided to not sit in a car for African Americans. -
Nineteenth Amendment
This amendment granted woman to vote. This amendment was not easy and took a long process. It was first granted to Congress in 1878 but took over 40 years to be certified. -
Brown v Board Education
This ruled that separating kids in school by the color of their skin in unconstitutional. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act prohibited discrimination on race, color, religion, sex, origin. This act was signed into law on July 2nd by the president at the time, Lyndon B Johnson. This was a big part for African Americans to have equality to things like transportation, restaurants, etc -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This prohibits discrimination for African Americas to vote. Which should be guaranteed by the 15th Amendment. This was signed into law by president Lyndon B. johnson. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action refers to increasing workplace and educational opportunities for people who are underrepresented in various areas of society. The purpose is to create diversity in society. This was created in 1965. -
Reed vs Reed
The court applied the Equal Protection Clause remove the law that discriminated against woman. Sally and Cecil Reed were apart of this case. This case took place in 1971. -
Equal Rights Amendment
This amendment was created to guarantee equal rights to all Americans citizens regardless of their sex. It required 3/4 of the states to ratify the amendment, which took 7 years. The thought of this was to end problems between divorce, employment, property. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
This case is about Allan Bakke. He had applied twice for admission to the University of Medical School at Davis. This case was about admissions criteria which used race as a definite basis for the decision. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
This case was about Micheal Hardwick, he was charged with violating a Georgia statute that criminalized sodomy. This case was about if a person had the right to engage in homosexual sex. This case took place in 1986. -
Americans with Disability Act
This law prohibits discrimination for people with disibilities.It was signed by George Bush. This is supposed to guarantee equal opportunities as others without disability. -
Motor Voter Act
This was signed into law by President Bill Clinton. This allows American Citizens to vote when they get a drivers license. It was intended to boost the number of Americans to register to vote. -
Lawrence v. Texas
John Lawrence and Tyron Garner were engaging in a private, consensual sexual act. They were then arrested in violation to the same gender having sexual intercourse. This was decided in 2003. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
This allows same sex couples to be able to marry each other. The Equal Protection Clause and Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment was violated.