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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Landmark decision of the Supreme Court where they ruled that the Constitution of the United States does not include the citizenship of African Americans whether they were enslaved or free. -
13th Amendment
Amendment to the United States constitution that abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except for as punishment for a crime. -
14th Amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution that states any person born or naturalized in the United States is protected by all of the laws and immunities in the Constitution. It also prevents any state from denying the life, liberty, or property of any citizen of the United States. -
15th Amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution that prohibited any state to deny the right to vote to any American citizen on the basis of race. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
On May 18th 1896, the Supreme Court decided a landmark decision deciding on racial inequality for public facilities, adding that if they were going to be segregated, they must all follow the same quality standards for both facilities, segregated or not. Also known as "seperate but equal". It began when Plessy decided not to sit on the 'black only' train car, ultimately leading to court. -
Poll Taxes
Taxes that were levied as a prerequisite of voting during the Reconstruction period following the Civil War, they were used most often by southern states as a method of preventing African Americans from voting. -
19th Amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution that prohibited voting discrimination bases on sex. -
White Primaries
Primary elections held in southern states following the Civil War in which only white voters were allowed to vote. White primaries were abolished in 1932 when the Supreme Court decided the white primaries violated the 14th amendment -
Brown V. Board of Education
On May 17th 1954, The Supreme Court ruled that, quite simply, racial segregation in public schools was not permitted, even if the quality was the same. They argued that segregation violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Affirmative Action
This entails college admissions teams taking race and racial inequalities and disparities into account. -
24th Amendment
Amendment to the United States Constitution that prohibited poll taxes. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Amendment to the United States Constitution that prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, sex, or national origin. This amendment also prohibited segregation of schools, employment, and public facilities. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Amendment to the United States Constitution that outlawed racial discrimination in voting after the Civil War. -
Reed V. Reed
In November of 1971, The Supreme court ruled that administrators of estates cannot be named in a way that discriminates between sexes. This was caused from Sally and Cecil Reed's requested to administrate their son's estate, but was not granted based on gender. -
Equal Rights Amendment
On March 22 1972, the Amendment was passed to ensure equal rights to all citizens of the United States, regardless of gender. It is intended to end the disparities between genders in terms of divorce, property, and unemployment. -
Regents of the University of California V. Bakke
This landmark case created the idea of Affirmative Action, allowing race to be considered in the college admissions process. -
Bowers V. Hardwick
This case, later overturned, was first brought to light due to a police officer finding a man performing oral and anal sex with another man. The law originally stated that the LGBTQ+ community was unconstitutional, as oral and anal sex with the other sex was outlawed. The original ending of the case outlawed those acts. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
On July 26, 1990, the act was passed to prohibit discrimination against those with disabilities. This covers many areas, including transportation, workplace, and overall well being for those citizens. -
Lawrence V. Texas
This landmark case allowed all homosexual activity and proclaimed it constitutional. This is the landmark case that overturned Bowers V. Hardwick. This case was brought to court because a police officer found Lawrence and a lover making love with consent, and it was brought originally to the court to allow it to be unconstitutional. -
Obergefell V. Hodges
This landmark case allowed homosexuals to marry, an act that has been unconstitutional for many years. The court ruled that marriage was a fundamental right to all citizens, especially including the LGBTQ+.
