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Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott had resided in a free state where slavery was prohibited. The court ruled that he was not entitled to his freedom and that African Americans were not and could never be citizens of the U.S. -
13th Amendment
This amendment officially ended slavery. -
14th Amendment
This amendment granted citizenship to all persons born and naturalized in the U.S. This included former enslaved people and guaranteed all citizens equal protection. -
15th Amendment
This amendment granted African American men the right to vote. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
African American, Homer Plessy, refused to sit in a car designated for black people. The supreme court eventually ruled in 1896 that the 14th amendment applies to political and civil rights, not social rights. -
19th Amendment
This amendment gave women the right to vote. This ended almost a century of protests. -
Brown v. Board of Education
They ruled that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This civil rights act prevented employment discrimination due to race, color, sex, or religion. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
President Johnson signed this act that prevented the use of literacy tests as a voting requirement. -
Reed v. Reed
Sally Reed petitioned to become the administrator od her son's estate when he died. Idaho law says that the father would receive preference over the mother. Sally went to the supreme court with this claiming it violated her 14th amendment rights. The court ruled that this did violate her 14th amendment rights. -
Title IX
This is a federal civil rights law passed as a part of the Education Amendments of 1972. Title IX states that no person shall be discriminated, on the basis of sex, under any education program or activity. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Bakke was a very educated white male who had gotten rejected from the University of California because they had saved room for a percentage of minority students. Bakke claimed that this violated his 14th amendment rights. -
Americans With Disabilities Act
This law made it illegal to discriminate against a disabled person in terms of employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications, and government opportunities. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
THis case resulted in the court ruling that the fundamental right to marry applied to same- sex couples.
