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Brown vs board of education
- It was Supreme Court case to end segregation.
- 9-0 decision or unamious, for eaqual protection under the 14th amendment.
- After decision violence and riots broke out, with some schools closing.
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Emmet till
- 14 year old from Chicago, visiting family. Accused of whistling at a white woman.
- Roy Bryan and Jw Milan kidnap, beat, shot, killed, and the threw Emmet’s body in the river.
- Maime till, Emmets mother had an open casket funeral. Both men stood trial, and found our not guilty.
- spark to start the civil rights movement.*
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Rosa Parks and Bus boycott- Alabama
- Rosa parks refused to move sits and was arrested.
- Bus boycott begins and last 381 days.
- 1st large scale demonstration- nonviolent in the United States.
- Very successful because 75% of all riders are black.
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference
- Started after the bus boycott to organize protest. Martin Luther king was elected president.
- Organized protest around the south to coordinate events, such as Greensboro sitins, march on Washington and Selma.
- After Martin Luther king assassiantion it declined.
- Still exists today.
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Little Rock 9 Arkansa
- Testing brown v board of education decision.
- 9 students were vetted to undergo this test.
- Airborn 101 escorted students to class.
- Following year all public schools closed (1958).
- 08/29/1959- schools reopened.
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Greensboro 4
- 4 college students sat down at lunch counter at woolworths to be served.
- They were refused service. Continued to “sit-in” and others joined, the protest spread to other towns.
- Forced change.
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Student nonviolent coordinating committee and freedom summer.
- Youth group of student remained fiercely independent of MLK and SCLC, generating their own projects and strategies.
- The two organizations worked side by side throughout the early years of the civil rights movement.
- This group was the second half of the freedom riders and were a part of the march to Selma.
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Freedom riders
- 2 week busy trip to the Deep South, to deliberate violate Jim crown laws.
- It was organized by CORE.
- The buses were burned and riders were beaten by the KKK.
- November 1, 1961 white and colored signs are removed from bus stations, train stations and lunch counters.
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March on Washington
- Jobs and freedom was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans.
- 250,000 people were attendance at the Lincoln memorial.
- Martin Luther king was the last to speak and gave his “I have a dream speech”.
- 70-80% of marchers were black.
- It helped pass the civil rights acts of 1964.
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Civil rights act of 1964
- Can not be refused service.
- Forbids employers and labor unions to discriminate against any person on grounds of race, color, religion, sex, physical disability, or age in job related matters.
- Prohibits discrimination against any person on grounds of race, color, religion, sex, physical disability.
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March on Selma/ Bloody Sunday
- 600 students march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama to get the right to vote.
- They walked 54 miles and were stopped at the bridge, seen on national television.
- LBJ order the passage of 1965 voting rights law.
- 2nd march took pace March 21-24.
- 25,000 marchers including Martin Luther king.
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Voting rights act of 1965
- One of the most comprehensive pieces of legislation in U.S history.
- Blacks were registering to vote and being elected to public office.