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Dred Scott Vs. Sandford
Dred Scott was a slave in the free state of Missouri. He sued for his freedom because he thought that he would have the right to his freedom because there was no slavery. It made it all the way to the supreme court where they decided against Dred Scott. They said that African American were not citizens therefore they had not rights. -
13th Amendment
The 13th Amendment said that slavery was illegal in the United States unless it was for punishment of a convicted crime. -
14th Amendment
The 14th Amendment granted all people born in or naturalized in the United States citizenship. It also granted all people equal protection under the law. It was one of three amendments passed under reconstruction era to abolish slavery. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment was passed to give African Americans the right to vote. It said all people no matter was race, color, or previous servitude the right to vote. It was one of the three amendments passed in the reconstruction era. -
Plessy Vs. Ferguson
This was a very important decision in the Supreme Court. It said that the state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment. As a result, restrictive Jim Crow legislation and separate public accommodations based on race became commonplace. Enacted the separate but equal policy. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment says that the right of a citizen to vote will not be denied or abridged. It is specifically talking about not being denied due to sex. This gave women the right to vote. -
Brown Vs. Board of Education
This was a big case in the Supreme Court that segregation in schools on the basis of race was unconstitutional. It ended segregation in schools and overruled the separate but equal ruling in Plessy Vs. Ferguson. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It also protected against firing and hiring based on sex and race. This ended segregation and discrimination when hiring and firing someone. considered to be one of the crowning achievements of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
It outlawed many discriminatory voting practices taken up in many southern states after the Civil War to not allow many black Americans to vote. It outlawed many devices such as tests to not allow people to vote. -
Reed Vs. Reed
In a decision by the Supreme Court they ruled that the different treatment of sex is prohibited by the equal protection law in the 14th Amendment. It invalidated an Idaho law that required the selection of a man over a woman to serve as administrator of an estate when both were equally qualified. Reed v. Reed was the first major Supreme Court case that addressed that discrimination based on gender was unconstitutional because it denies equal protection -
Title IX
This law had to due with education. This law said that there will be no discrimination based on sex in schools or federally funded activities. This allow the education of men and women in schools to be equal. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
In a Supreme Court case they ruled that the schools use of racial quotas was unconstitutional. But they said that the schools use of affirmative action to accept more minority students was constitutional. It gave minorities the same priority to get into a school. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This law prevents discrimination against people with disabilities. This specifically applies to employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government' programs and services. This law covers all mental and physical disabilities. -
Obergefell Vs. Hodges
Obergefell overturned Baker and requires all states to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples and to recognize same-sex marriages validly performed in other jurisdictions. This established same-sex marriage throughout the United States and its territories. This made same sex marriage legal.
