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Dred Scott v. Sanford
In 1856 the supreme court ruled that Americans of African descent no matter if they were free or not, weren't American citizens and couldn't sue the federal court. -
13th Amendment
13th amendment was passed in 1865by President Abraham Lincoln.the 13th Amendment states "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as a punishment for Crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction." which means that as slavery was officially abolished. -
14th Amendment
In 1866 the 14th amendment was passed by Congress. The 14th Amendment gave all persons born or naturalized in the United States also including those who were former slaves citizenship and equal protection by the laws. -
15 Amendment
in 1870 Congress passed the 15th Amendment. Which stated "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Which means that anyone of any race, color or former slave should be allowed to vote. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1892 Homer Plessy refused to sit in the car for the black people which lead to this landmark case in 1896. the Supreme Court decided that they were equal but there are separate accommodations and regulations for whites and blacks that were imposed by Louisiana in which this case did not violate the equal protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. -
19th Amendment
The House of Representatives passed the 19th Amendment which stated "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation." This guaranteed women the right to vote. -
Brown v. Board of Education
This case took place in 1954 where it was ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools wasn't constitutional. this was big for the civil rights movement and helped them establish their separate but equal doctrine. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This act put a end to segregation in public places and employment discrimination (race,color,religion,sex or natural origin). First brought about by John F. Kennedy, later on signed by Lyndon B. Johnson. Congress expanded the act in 1965 leading to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This act helped African Americans to be able to exercise their rights to vote as they were guaranteed that by the 15th amendment. This act was passed by Lyndon B. Johnson -
Reed v. Reed
This was a landmark case that the Supreme Court ruled that administrators of States cannot name in a way that discriminates against sexes.this was very important for women's rights this case prompted quotes to subject gender classifications and scrutiny under the Fourteenth Amendment equal protection clause -
Title IX
in 1972 this federal civil rights law was passed with the education Amendments of 1972. this law prohibited sex-based discrimination in school or any education programs that received federal money. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
In 1978 Allan Bakke applied twice to University of California Medical School at Davis where he was soon rejected.The school reserved 16 slots for people who were qualified minorities the met the qualifications to attend to school. Bakke's test scores and GPA far exceeded what was required but he still got rejected so then he took it up upon the California courts and argued that he was denied due to his race. -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act prohibits discrimination against anyone with disabilities in various places like transportation, employment, public accommodations and access to state and local government programs. -
Obergefell v. Hodges
In 2015 couples argued against their State's ban on same-sex marriages in one of them to be legalized. they argued that it violated their equal protection clause and due process clause of the 14th Amendment and some even brought up and violated their Civil Rights Act. the court soon decided in the couple's favor and decided that the 14th amendment allows marriage licensing two same-sex couples.