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Dred Scott V. Sanford
Dred Scott was a slave who had lived in a free slave territory and claimed that him leaving in a free state would make him a free citizen. The conclusion of the case was that if their ancestors were imported in they could never truly be American citizens -
13th Amendment
"Breaker Of Chains", the 13th amendment would no longer allow slavery of any sort besides imprisonment to be allowed in the United States and the rest of their property -
14th Amendment
The fourteenth amendment grants citizenship to any persons naturally born on U.S soil. The term "equal protection" is also brought up and that no one should be deprived of their rights. -
15th Amendment
The 15th Amendment is an extremely important amendment as it grants African American men the right to vote. However, the women were not allowed to vote yet. As the push for women's suffrage was in 1920 -
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Jim Crow Era
Basically the Jim Crow era was the legalization of anti blackness. That the whole country of America had been against blacks one way or another. Through the persecution of their voting rights, lynching, and segregation African Americans had gone through a lot -
Plessy V. Ferguson
Plessy had been a man of african descent who had gotten purposefully arrested for sitting on the white only portion of a train car. This had been taken to court and the court had decided there was truly no issue. This created the idea of "separate but equal" when referring to the segregation of blacks and white and their establishments. -
19th Amendment
WOMENS SUFFRAGE. After years of being looked down upon, women finally had a taste of equality in 1920. The 19th Amendment had granted women the right to vote -
Brown V Board of Education
B V BOE had been a court case that covered segregation of public schools in the US. There had been smaller cases that covered specific colleges but this case challenged all public schools. Brown had argued that the separate but equal idea instilled by plessy v ferguson was bogus. He proved this with the doll test. Showing that through schools African Americans believed they were inferior -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights act had made discrimination upon race sex color religion or national origin illegal as it is unfair to criticize people for things that they cannot change or the way of life that they choose. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Passed by president Johnson this made the prevention of African Americans voting illegal. SO states couldn't hand out those rigged voting test as they were extremely unfair and unnecessary -
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Affirmative Action
Kind of going under the 14th Amendment as equal protection, Affirmative Action doesn't allow a contractor/boss/corporation to discriminate against an applicant because of their race, national origin etc. This had became controversial in the Baake case as white people felt they were being discriminated against to priortize black people -
Reed Vs Reed
Reed V Reed had been a court case between former spouses over their dead sons estate. Cecil Reed had been selected just because he was a male which many saw as unfair. SO then it was decided that the decision of estates cannot be decided over the fact of the sexes. Which was one of the first times women had been protected in court. -
Regents of California V Baake
Regent Of California Vs Baake was a court case that believed that the prioritization of black minorities had limited the opportunities for white college students. They believed this was a direct violation of the Equal Protection Clause. It was decided that race was allowed as a factor in decision making. -
Bowers V Hardwick
Hardwick was caught having sex with another man by a Georgia Police officer. Gay sex had been illegal in Georgia therefore Hardwick had been apprehended. Hardwick took it to the courts stating that this wasn't right. In a 5-4 decision, the court decided that there wasn't anything specific referring to homosexual sex in the constitution. Therefore, the states could handle this any way they wanted. Fortunately this was overruled in Lawrence V Texas in 2003 -
Americans with Disabilities Act
the ADA states that no civilian should ever be discriminated against because of a disability she or he may have. -
Motor Voter Act
The Motor Voter act allows easier voting for federal elections as you have registration opportunities when at the DMV. Registration may be difficult as it often changing but the NVRA is here to stay. -
Obergefell V Hodges
This court case had to do with the legitimacy and legalization of same sex marriages. Many couples in states that outlawed same sex marriage had been outraged when their marriage wasn't officially recognized. Even when they had went to places that allowed those marriages. The court had ruled that these states had been in violation of the 14hth amendment with Equal Protection and Due Process. Officially recognizing Gay Marriage. -
Equal Rights Amendment
The Equal Rights Amendment is an ongoing amendment with the goal to end all discriminations and promote equality between the sexes. So that goes for the workforce and divorces among other things. -
Lawrence V Texas
Lawrence and another man had been caught having a consensual gay sex. Therefore, they had been arrested as it was illegal in Texas for two people of the same sex to have sex. This was taken to the courts and it was decided that this was a violation of the due process clause. And that as two consenting adults they should be able to do what they want without gonverment intervention
