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3/5 Compromise
Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person and this compromise was made so that states could count slaves as part of the population for taxation in the nation -
Multimember Electoral Districts in Texas
Outlawed multimember electoral districts in Texas. -
Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions is Signed
Result of Seneca Falls Convention stating that all men and women are created equal. Launched women suffrage movement. -
Scott v. Sandford
Supreme Court decided Dred Scott, who sued for his freedom, could not because he was considered property and not a human being. -
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery completely in the United States. -
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to anyone born in the U.S. -
15th Amendment
Citizens may not be denied the right to vote because of their race/color/previous condition of servitude. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Established "Separate But Equal" -- Jim Crow Laws followed. -
Founding of the NAACP
[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People] is the largest civil rights organization in the U.S. -
19th Amendment
Prohibits denying the right to vote based on gender. -
Smith v. Allwright
Decided that not allowing African Americans to exercise their 15th amendment was unconstitutional. -
Women in Military Service
Allowed women to enlist and be apart of the military. -
Truman Orders the Desegregation of Armed Forces
President Harry Truman abolished discrimination on the basis of race, color, and religion in the military/services. -
Hernandez v. Texas
Extended constitutional rights to Mexican Americans. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Decided that "separate but equal" was not equal, and that segregation in schools was no longer allowed. -
Little Rock Nine
Group of nine African American students who were initially not allowed to attend school due to segregation, until Eisenhower made sure the students were able to attend through force and troops escorting them to school. -
Cesar Chavez Publicizes The Plight of Migrant Workers
Chavez wanted better treatment, pay, and working conditions for farm workers. -
24th Amendment
Did not require citizens to pay fees to vote. Fees made it hard for African Americans to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Ended segregation and employment discrimination on the basis of race, religion, and sex. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Abolished literacy tests so that African Americans could vote. -
National Organization of Women
Organization organized by women who wanted to challenge sexual discrimination in society. -
Jones v. Mayer
After not being being sold a home in a neighborhood because of his color, Jones (a black man) sued the real estate agency. Supreme Court decided in favor of Jones and reinstated the 13th amendment. -
Mexican American Legal Defense and Education (MALDEF)
Organization to protect the rights of Latino-Americans. -
Stonewall Riots
Police raided gay bar causing there to be violence between the two. Started the gay pride movement. -
Reed v. Reed
First court case that declared gender discrimination as unconstitutional. -
ERA Introduced Into Congress
Equal legal rights for all citizens regardless of gender; was not passed. -
ERA Passed
Congress passed ERA. -
Title IX
Prohibits discrimination/exclusion of athletic participation on the basis of gender. -
Craig v. Boren
The establishment of different drinking ages was a violation of the equal protection clause. -
Dothard v. Rawlinson
Supreme Court declared that the physical qualifications required for Dothard to get a job were discriminatory and unequal. -
Plyer v. Doe
Granted access to public education for all children, including immigrants. -
Civil Rights Act of 1991
Passed after Supreme Court limited the rights of employees to sue employers for discrimination. Amended Title VII act. -
"Don't Ask Don't Tell"
LGBTQ people could enlist in the army as long as they didn't say anything. -
Defense of Marriage Act
Marriage is between a man and woman, and same-sex marriage is not to be recognized. -
Legalization of Same-Sex Marriage in MA
Massachusetts became the first state to allow same sex marriage. -
United States v. Windsor
After a surviving partner in a marriage didn't get martial taxes because of being in a lesbian relationship, she went to court. The Supreme Court ruled depriving a person liberties without due process of the law unconstitutional when directed towards a specific group of people. -
Obergfell v. Hodges
Supreme Court allows same-sex marriage; and that the 14th amendment applies to them. -
Cakeshop v. Colorado
Cakeshop didn't make a cake for a gay couple who were getting married. Court ruled in favor for the cakeshop, saying the gay couple could go elsewhere to buy a cake and that the owner of the shop has a right to stay where he is because of his religion.