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Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court establishes "seperate-but-equal" doctrine in the trial Plessy v. Ferguson. The doctrine was a way of going around the 14th amendment of the constitution to make racism legal. -
NAACP
An organization founded by Derrick Johnson. Worked against inequality and helped with empowering colored people. -
Race Riots
Violence and Attacks on African American by whites in Chicago, Illinois. Solely based upon the fact that African Americans were of a darker skin color and sometimes of slave revolts. -
The Sit-Ins
African American protesters sat in segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served. They endured arrests, beatings, suspension from college, tear gas, and fire hose for years but the nonviolent movement never back down and eventually got desegregated lunch counters -
Little Rock School Integration
Little Rock, Arkansas is where the first southern school was integrated. The school board supported the desegregation of schools but the Governor of Arkansas didn't, which is why he called the National guard in to turn the new African American students known as the "Little Rock Nine" away from the school. -
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Reverend Oliver Brown thought it was unfair that his daughter had to travel a greater distance to her required African American school when she lived closer to the white school.This started the court case where the Supreme Court ruled the segregated schools are unconstitutional whether or not the schools have the same quality because the separation of races generates a feeling of inferiority. -
De jure vs. De Facto segregation
De Facto is the practice of racial discrimination while De Jure Segregation is the racial discrimination enforced by law. This became important in 1954 durning the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka case. -
Emmett Till
A 14 year old boy from Chicago, murdered while visiting family in Mississippi. Accused of whistling at a white women, he was dragged from his relatives home to be mutilated and murdered the women family. -
Rosa Parks
Most influential role during the Montgomery bus boycott. She was arrested for not giving her spot on the bus to a white male while the bus was segregated -
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Adopted ideas of peace, Ghandi, Randolph, Thoreau. Active during many peaceful protests and organizations as a civil rights activist. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
After black seamstress Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to move to the back of the bus to give her seat to a white man, African Americans boycotted bus companies to get buses desegregated. -
Freedom Riders
Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode buses into the segregated southern states of the U.S. The Freedom Rides consisted of series of protests against segregation. Many times these rides resulted into beatings and turmoil. Eventually the Rides succeeded in having buses, interstate, and train turminals desegregated. -
March on Washington
March on Washington was a political rally where Dr. Martin Luther King presented his “I Have A Dream” speech for civil and economic rights for African Americans such as equality and jobs. This Rally attracted about 250,000 people for a peaceful protest. -
March on Birmingham Alabama
The SLCS created a march to have Birmingham, Alabama integrated. The government served the the movement to prohibited from protesting which they disobeyed for the rights of African Americans. During this March many of protesters were victims of police attack dogs and fire hoses and also arrested, such as president of SCLC, Martin Luther King. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A labor law that prohibited any discrimination regarding race, color, gender, sex, religion, and/or national origin. It prohibits unequal voters rights, racial segregation of schools and/or public services. -
Malcolm X
Opposed to many other civil rights activist, X was not a non-violent protester. He was against turning the other cheek. -
March from Selma to Montgomery for Voting Rights
This March was also led by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Peaceful protesters planned to March from Selma to Montgomery. Protesters called the march a demonstration but were soon met by state troopers where they endured the worst treatment that had the Sunday renamed as “Bloody Sunday”. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The law that President Lyndon B. Johnson approved, which aimed to overcome legal obstacles at state and local levels to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote and go around the 15th amendment o the Constitution. -
Thurgood Marshall
He was a lawyer and apart of the Supreme Court justice. Marshall was the 96th justice and the fist African American justice. Also active during the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka -
Black Panther Party
Self defense group who worked for protecting the African American community and assisting housing and education. -
24th Amendment
This amendment states any American citizen should be aloud to vote. It was ratified to eliminate the poll tax because it was considered as discrimination between classes.
