-
Period: to
Reconstruction Era
-During this congress passed and enforced laws to promote civil and political rights for African Americans
-The 13/14/15 A were passed during this time
-Many African Americans took up these rights, responsibilities, and new opportunities
-many served in elected public offices (government) -
Scott V Standford
-Dred Scott was a slave.
-His owner Dr. Johnson Sanford moved to Wisconsin where slavery is banned.
-Dred Scott was able to hire himself out of work and tried to buy his freedom, but Sanford refused.
-The supreme court ruled against Scott.
-They decided that Americans of African descent, free or not, were not able to sue in federal courts.
-They also decided that slaves were considered property which is protected under the fifth amendment. -
13 Amendament
-Ended/ Abolished slavery
-Part of the reconstruction efforts -
14 Amendament
-States must provide due process
-Guaranteed African Americans the rights of American citizenship -
15 Amendament
Guaranteed African-American men the right to vote (women couldn't vote yet) -
Period: to
Jim Crow Era
discrimination laws against African Americans:
-signs appeared to enforce racial discrimination
-when a marriage between a white party and the other party that is ⅛ African American, it was void
African Americans couldn't:
-play with white people
-go to the same school as white people
-live in some neighborhoods -
Plessy V Ferguson
-Homer Plessy entered white only part of a train and refuse to leave to protest Jim Crow laws
-The Supreme Court decided segregation was ok if it was "separate but equal" (Plessy Standard) -
19th Amendament
-Allowed women to vote
-Sex could not stop someone from voting -
George Stinney Case
-14-year-old boy charged with murder
-due process violated
-is executed -
Brown V Board
-Challenged segregated schools and the "separate but equal" doctrine
- Had to go past the tangible factors
- It made the African American Students feel inferior
- Decided that schools couldn't be segregated -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
-Because the South continued to have segregation/ Jim Crow laws
-The federal government pulled funding to those states to enforce it
-It was the most comprehensive civil rights legislation enacted by congress
-it was made to combat racial discrimination
-removed Jim Crow/segregation laws
-it assured equal education, public facilities, housing, hiring/jobs
-strengthen African American voting rights, but it was weak and people went around it -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-To stop states from going around the 15 Amendment with literacy tests, poll taxes...
-Used pre-clearance meaning that states with a history of circumventing the 15 Amendment had to run new voting laws by the federal government before they are put in effect