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Brown v. Education// Topeka, Kansas
In 1950, a father, Oliver Brown attempted to enroll his 7- year old daughter, Linda Brown in a white school rather than her school where she'd walked evereday, which was over a mile away. When denied enrollment he & other african-american parents sued the topeka school district w/ help from the NCAAP. Eventually after Thurgood Marshall argued on their behalf this created the "seperate but equal" law.
brownv.education -
Period: to
The Civil Rights Evolution
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SCLC
Souther Christian Leadership Corporation- 2 years after the Montgomery Bus Boycott where sixty black ministers & a couple of civil rights leaders arranged the boycott of Montgomery buses this group was established. The goal of the group was to w/ no force, but peacefully eliminate segregation all together. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.was the first president of this group .
www.blackpast.org
www.newgeorgiaencyclopedia.org
www.google.com -
SNCC
Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
• Established in 1960 , started with sit-ins by black students where they refused to leave restaraunts when denied service because of the pigment of their skin, this form of protest brought nationwide attention to the public. SNCC was strengthened by the freedom rides, along with the march on Washington && became noticed more politically. -
Admission of Charlayne Hunter & Hamilton Holmes into the University of Georgia
• They were first African americans to urge on the integration of U.G.A to be a priority.
• Hamilton Holmes died at 54 on 1995
• Charlayne Hunter is now a pioneer journalist, && is now Charlayne Hunter- Gault , married to Ronald Gault && has a grown son Chuma Gault..
http://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/wsbn/do:51554 -
Freedom Riders
the Freedom Ride was created to test the strength of the court rulings for “separate but equal” law of segregation in public travel transportations, the Congress of Racial Inequality (CORE) supported a chain of integrated bus rides during the spring and summer of 1961. The point they were trying to get across was integration && the fact that if they could do it anyone else could. Over four hundred individuals particpated.. ( Albert Bigelow, Joseph Perkins, Elton Benjamin Cox, & so on..) -
Freedom Riders continued.. (the effect)
When they went to Montgomery they were attacked by nearly 1000 whites in a savagely malicious mob. Later on, in missisippi several were jailed & the brutality grew, however the publicity did increase &by the end of summer this movement spread to train stations &airports in the south. By November, the Interstate Commerce Commission delivered a rule or law that prohibited public segregated transportation facilities. The freedom ride ended in 1965. -
The Albany Movement
• Albany, Georgia became the center of attention for civil rights activity in 1961. SNCC boycotted the bus systems in Albany challenging segregation. Nearly 500 people jailed, King considered this movement a failure.. The SNCC field secretary responded Charles Sherrod remarked, "Now I can't help how Dr. King might have felt, . . . but as far as we were concerned, things moved on. We didn't skip one beat".
The movement ended in the summer of 1962.
<a href='http://http://www.todayingeorgiahistory.org/content/alb' -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was to fight (protest peacefully) for jobs and the freedom of African- Americans but was an outrage to the majority community, this brought our violence, fire hoses, and people were attacked by police dogs. This opened the eyes of John F. Kennedy. causing him to speak on the idea of equal rights publicly.
http://news.yahoo.com/video/march-washington-50th-anniversary-celebrated-132424065.html -
The Civil Rights Act
John F. Kennedy created new laws , but was assassinated before they could be put into action. Lyndon Johnson the current vice president then took over and sought to see that the laws were created and enforced, all public facilities had to be integrated and discrimination was prohibited. -
The Voting Rights Act
This act was made a law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It prohibited the derogatory and discriminitive voting practices in many southern states , including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting.
