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13th Amendment
Lincoln abolished slavery and corrected any holes in the Emancipation Proclamation. Thus allowed African Americans the first steps to freedom. -
14th Amendment
Rights of citizenship, due process of law, and equal protection of the law. The 14th amendment has become one of the most used amendments in court to date regarding the equal protection clause. -
15th Amendment
No state or federal power could deny a race or ethnicity the right to vote in any election. Allowed African Americans the right to take part in the government’s democratic process. -
Tuskegee Institute created
University created for African Americans, male at the time, to gain a formal education. Allowed African Americans the ability to take on skilled jobs because they were now educated enough. -
Plessy v Ferguson
Known as the separate but equal court case, allowed segregated bathrooms, water fountains, etc, so long as they were in equal condition to each other. Still allowed segregation and a loophole for Jim Crow laws. Later, the court case ruling is overturned by Brown v Board of Education. -
NAACP
WEB Du Bois created the group to protect African American’s rights and not allow injustice to occur. The group was one of the first where both African Americans and Caucasians were brought together to defend African Americans against violence. -
19th Amendment
Women were allowed to vote thus improving their rights and eventually their independence from being just housewives. -
Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
A political party that advocated for equal rights despite sex. Betty Freidan and other women helped bring the party together. Grew support of feminism. -
Executive Order 9981
Truman declared that the armed forces were not allowed to discriminate any against sex or race. Allowing both females and African Americans to join the military. -
Brown v Board of Education
Supreme Court case where it ruled that segregation in schools was unconstitutional even if they were “separate but equal” quality. Thus it overruled Plessy v Furguson's ruling of "separate but equal". Allowed African Americans to attend government-funded schools. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Occurred for a year(1955-1965) in Montgomery, Alabama, where African Americans refused to ride public transit to protest the segregated seating of them which was unconstitutional. -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed
African American group which Martin Luther King Jr was the first president of. The SCLC helped rid of any segregation in the South by forming protests. Later on, they began to protest poverty and the Vietnam War. -
Little Rock Nine
Nine African American students went to an all-white school after schools became desegregated by Brown v Board of Education. The Arkansas students were unable to enter the school until the federal government sent down police to protect nine students at the school. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
First civil rights act passed by Congress which allowed the Attorney General to file against anyone who denied African Americans the right to vote. This prevented Jim Crow Laws interfering and protected all voting rights, especially for African Americans. -
Greensboro, NC Sit-ins
A group of students sat at a bar top for whites only to be served. It quickly caused conflict where Whites would drag one of the African Americans off a barstool though another African American took their place. The act expanded to many people the South becoming a common trend along with walking instead of taking the bus. -
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) formed
SNCC allowed students a voice in the civil rights movement to further enforce the movement. They helped further the civil rights movement so more happened in a shorter time. This group coordinated sit-ins, Freedom Riders, and the March on Washington. -
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists rode interstate buses down to segregated cities to oppose segregated buses. These riders went against the law and what was expected of them in order to desegregate the bus systems. -
Cesar Chavez
He created the National Farm Workers Association and advocated for Latin American equality along with farmers in order to decrease work hours and increase wages. Eventually protested the production of grapes in California which caused California to pass Collective Bargaining. -
24th Amendment
The amendment prevented any state from making a way to not allow minorities to vote. This amendment is still used today to ensure no one is prevented from exercising their right to vote in any elections. -
Chicano Movement (Mural Movement)
Mexican American civil rights movement which wanted more political say in the US. They wanted land restoration, rights for farm workers and education. The movement began to create murals to show Mexican culture in a way to further emphasize their culture and that they were there as well in order to gain more political rights.
