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Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court Case that desegregated schools. There was many resistance by the Georgia General Assembly and threatened to close schools than rather integrate. -
Changing of the Georgia State Flag
used by whites in Georgia to display resistance led by Georgia General Assembly Used Confederate sign to evoke racism -
Little Rock Nine
group of 9 African American students enrolled in a Little Rock Central High School followed by Little Rock Crisis // which students were initially prevented from entering racially segregated schools tied to Brown v. Board -
SCLC founding
African American civil rights organization, worked closely with MLK, the first president of SCLC -
Integration of UGA
1959: Hamilton Holmes and Charlayne Hunter applied to UGA Holmes: valedictorian, president of senior class, co-captain of football team Hunter: part of school newspaper, honors society, elected homecoming queen, graduated third of her class Ideal for UGA, turned them down because of race Students took to federal court ruled in favor, would start school Met by mass resistance (started throwing things at them), escorted back to Atlanta Both graduated, not hurt after riot -
Sibley Commision
GA General Assembly supported "mass resistance" 1960: Gov. (Vandiver) was not sure to close public schools or not Wanted research // called ______ ____ (a segregationist lawyer) Believed federal mandates were useless Led 10 hearings across state // 60% said they would rather close schools than integrate Wanted to only desegregate limitedly (when losing funding) 1961: UGA started integration Attempted to close UGA -
SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) founding
Major civil rights organization Formed in NC Worked with Southern Leadership Committee Peaceful, non-violent protest HS and college students Known for sit-ins, freedom rides, "freedom summer" (Mississippi) The city of Albany tried to form "Albany Movement" (unsuccessful) Gave African Americans some General Assembly seats (representation) -
Albany Movement
After Bus Boycott in Albany, GA Started fall of 1961 (SNCC formed it) Massive resistance 500 protestors in jail MLK in jail, but released, even he did not want to (for more national attention) Failed attempt -
March on Washington
1963: 250,000 gathered in Washington D.C. Push for civil rights legislation Where Martin Luther King Jr. gave "I have a dream" speech Led to Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Voting Rights Act of 1965 -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson no discrimination between bas and race in hiring, promoting, and firing -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
did not allow states to make any voting qualifications, no deny voting for any race or color Signed by Lyndon B. Johnson -
Election of Lester Maddox
Last segregationist governor Actually appointed more African-American governor positions than all prior GA governors
1947: opened Pickwick Restaurant Only served whites // closed because did not want to integrate 1966: beat Ellis Arnall for Gov. Lieutenant Gov. after Gov. Jimmy Carter Never apologized for defense of segregation -
First Black Mayor of Atlanta
Maynard Jackson Attended Morehouse College 1968: ran against Herman Talmadge for Senate (lost) Became vice-mayor of Atlanta Became first mayor of Atlanta (1973-1981), (1990-1994) when only 35 (first ________ _______ _______) Gave jobs to Blacks Hartsfield-Jackson Airport named after him -
Andrew Young elected
Active in Civil Rights movement Focused on voting registration 1961: worked for SCLC // organized "citizenship schools" Trained volunteers, took part in non-violent protest 1972: began political career, first African American Congressman 1981: elected as Mayor of Atlanta Helped city grow Helped bring Olympics to Georgia