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Civil Rights
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Dred Scott vs Sanford
A landmark decision in which the supreme court ruled that whether enslaved or free, African-Americans were not American citizens therefore could not sue in federal court. -
13th amendment
The 13th amendmment abolished the institution of slavery. Though it wasn't raitfied till 8 months after the end of the war it set the bar for future civil rights acts. By freeing the slaves it attemptted to allow African-Americans to be equal to Whites. The 13th amendment changed America forever -
14th amendment
the 14th Amendment was extremely important. It granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the Civil War, Prior to this, slaves were just known as property but because of this amendment most African-Americans were now citizens of the U.S. It also gave citizenship to all people born in the U.S. -
15th amendment
The 15th amendment allowed Black men to vote. Jim Crow laws and literacy tests were later passed to prevent African-Americans from voting. Many womenn suffrage right activits were angered by this amendment because it only allowed black men to vote and women thought they should be also allowed to vote. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were in the south after the 15th amendment was passed,. They were created to prevent Blacks from voting or be productive members of society. It was the south's way to fight reconstruction. It enforced segregation -
Poll taxes
Poll taxes were a part of Jim Crow laws enacted affter reconstruction. They were enacted as means to restrict eligible voters such as African-Americans. They weren't only used to stop Blacks from voting but also included were Natvie Americans and poor whties -
Plessy v. Fergurson
It was a landmark case in american history. It ruled that separate but equal was constitutionsl This is refering to separate facilties for black and whites but the only problem is that it really wasn't " equal". It was later overturned by the Borwn vs Board of Educatiion case. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment was one of the most important in U.S history. It granted women the right to vote. It was a great a accomplishment for those who fought for women's suffrage such as Susane B.Anthony and Elizabeth Canton. -
Brown v. Board of Education
Arguiably one of the most important cases in civl rights history. Ruled that "separate but equal" was unconstitutional due to the 14th amendment.. Desegragated schools and public facilities. Congress used the power to regulate interstate commerce to say that any business who was involved in interstate commerce in any way could not discriminate. -
Affirmative Action
Ensured that employers took affirmative action. This meant that applicants are treated equally without regard to race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Was signed by JFK. -
24th amendment
The 24h amendment prohibitied poll taxes. As a result more minortities were able to vote . It was a big step towards civil righs because poll taxes were part of JIm Crow Laws that kept Blacks from voting and now that it was gone more African-Americans were able to vote. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
It signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson. The act prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal. It was was one of the most important pieces of legislation for civil rights -
Voting righs of 1965
Was very important because it eliminated Jim Crow laws that prohibited Blacks from voting. Outlwaed things such as literacy tests before voting which decreasaed the number of African-Americans who could vote. Signed ino law by Lydon B. Johnson -
Reed v. Reed
The court ruled that dissimilar treatment of men and women was unconstitutional. Was the first case regarding sex discrimination. Lead to the ERA being passed. -
equal rights amendment
The ERA proposed equalitry for women as much as men. It was initially introduced in the 20's but it wasn't ratified until 1972. It represents the defiance of cultrural norms that was occuring the 70's. -
Reents of the University of California v. Bakke
This landmark case ruled affirmative action constitutional but not racial quotas. This ruling still impacts America today. Affirmative action is still effective in the U.S. -
Bowers v. Hardwick
Court found that there was no constitutional protection for acts of sodomy, and that states could outlaw those practices. Was a large legal setback for the gay community. Would soon be overturned by Lawrence v. Texas. -
American with Disabilities Act
Actt that forbids discrimination of various sorts against persons with physical or mental handicaps. Allowed for public accomodations for the disabeled such as ramps to be established in public facilties. Changed the lives of many disabled people in America -
white primarries
Elections that toolk place in southern states in which only white people were allowed to vote. This practice waa ruled unconstitutional in 1944 in the case Smith vs Allwright.
